跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Passage 2.

Climate change reveals ancient artifacts in Norway's glaciers.

A well above the treeline in Norway's highest mountains, ancient fields of ice are shrinking as Earth's climate warms.

As the ice has vanished, it has been giving up the treasures it has preserved in cold storage for the last 6,000 years,

items such as ancient arrows and skis from Viking Age traders.

And those artifacts have provided archaeologists with some surprising insights into how ancient Norwegians made their livings.

The organic materials like textiles and hides are relatively rare finds at archaeological sites.

This is because unless they're protected from the microorganisms that cause decay, they tend not to last long.

Extreme cold is one reliable way to keep artifacts relatively fresh for a few thousand years,

but once thawed out, these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly.

With climate change shrinking ice cover around the world, glacial archaeologists need to race the clock to find newly revealed artifacts,

preserve them, and study them.

If something fragile dries and is windblown it might very soon be lost to science,

or an arrow might be exposed and then covered again by the next snow and remain well preserved.

The unpredictability means that glacial archaeologists have to be systematic in their approach to fieldwork.

See over a nine-year period, a team of archaeologists, which included Lars Piro of Oplund County Council,

Norway, and James Barrett of the MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, surveyed patches of ice in Oplund,

an area of south-central Norway that is home to some of the country's highest mountains.

Reindeer once congregated on these icy patches in the later summer months to escape biting insects, and from the late Stone Age, hunters followed.

In addition, trade routes threaded through the mountain passes of Oplund, linking settlements in Norway to the rest of Europe.

The slow but steady movement of glaciers tends to destroy anything at their bases,

so the team focused on stationary patches of ice, mostly above 1,400 meters.

That ice is found amid fields of frost-weathered boulders, fallen rocks, and exposed bedrock that for nine months of the year is buried beneath snow.

Fieldwork is hard work, hiking with all our equipment, often camping on permafrost, but very rewarding.

You're rescuing the archaeology, bringing the melting ice to wider attention,

discovering a unique environmental history and really connecting with the natural environment, says Barrett.

Viking Age, a period of European history from around 700C to around 1050C when Scandinavian Vikings migrated throughout Europe,

by means of trade and warfare the Stone Age, a period in early history that began about 3.4 million years ago.

D. At the edges of the contracting ice patches, archaeologists found more than 2,000 artifacts,

which formed a material record that ran from 4,000 BC to the beginnings of of the Renaissance in the 14th century.

Many of the artifacts are associated with hunting.

Hunters would have easily misplaced arrows and they often discarded broken bows rather than take them all the way home.

Other items could have been used by hunters traversing the high mountain passes of Oplund, or purpose items like tools, skis, and horse tack.

E. Barrett's team radiocarbon dated 153 of the artifacts

and compared those dates to the timing of major environmental changes in the region such as periods of cooling

or warming and major social and economic shifts such as the growth of farming settlements

and the spread of international trade networks leading up to the viking age they found

that some periods had produced lots of artifacts which indicates

that people had been pretty active in the mountains during those times

but there were few or no signs of activity during other periods.

F. What was surprising, according to Barrett, was the timing of these periods.

Oplund's mountains present daunting terrain and in periods of extreme cold,

glaciers could block the higher mountain passes and make travel in the upper reaches of the mountains extremely difficult.

Archaeologists assumed people would stick to lower elevations during a time like the late antique Little Ice Age,

a short period of deeper than usual cold from about 536 to 600 CE.

But it turned out that hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains even when the climate turned cold,

based on the amount of stuff they had apparently dropped there.

Remarkably, though, the finds from the ice may have continued through this period,

perhaps suggesting that the importance of mountain hunting increased to supplement failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures, says Barrett.

A colder turn in the Scandinavian climate would likely have meant widespread crop failures, so more people would have depended on hunting to make up for those losses.

Gee, many of the artifacts Barrett's team recovered date from the beginning of the Viking age, the 700s through to the 900s CE.

Trade networks connecting Scandinavia with Europe, and the Middle East were expanding around this time.

Although we usually think of ships when we think of Scandinavian expansion, these recent discoveries show that plenty of goods traveled on overland routes,

like the mountain passes of Oplund.

And growing Norwegian towns, along with export markets, would have created a booming demand for hives to fight off the cold,

as well as antlers to make useful things like cones.

Business must have been good for hunters.

H Norway's mountains are probably still hiding a lot of history, and prehistory, in remote ice patches.

When Barrett's team looked at the dates for their sample of 153 artifacts,

they noticed a with almost no artifacts from about 3800 to 2200 BCE.

In fact, archaeological finds from that period are rare all over Norway.

The researchers say that could be because many of those artifacts have already disintegrated or are still frozen in the ice.

That means archaeologists could be extracting some of those artifacts from retreating ice in years to come.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：artifacts, ice, mountain, period, archaeologists。这段视频共有 64 个句子、975 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 6:55。说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 141 个词，很适合跟读。只有 74% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
artifact 名词	/ˈɑɹtɪfækt/	人工製品 /人工制品
archaeologist 名词	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古学家
glacier 名词	/ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/	冰川, 冰河
fieldwork 名词	/ˈfiːldwɜːk/	調查工作 /调查工作, 田野工作
expose 动词	/ɪkˈspoʊz/	揭露, 暴露
antler 名词	/ˈænt.lɚ/	鹿角, 角
bedrock 名词	/ˈbɛdˌɹɑk/	基岩
discard 动词	/dɪsˈkɑɹd/	丟棄 /丢弃, 拋棄 /抛弃
disintegrate 动词	/dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/	解體 /解体, 瓦解
microorganism 名词	/ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/	微生物
migrate 动词	/maɪˈɡɹeɪt/	迁徙
misplace 动词	/mɪsˈpleɪs/	擱忘 /搁忘, 誤放 /误放
permafrost 名词	/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/	永久凍土 /永久冻土
prehistory 名词		史前, 史前時代 /史前时代
radiocarbon 名词		放射性碳

视频中出现的短语动词

单词	释义
give up 动词	投案, 自首
turn out 动词	原來 /原来

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	be lost · might be exposed · is found
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	has vanished · have provided · have meant

需要注意的发音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/, stationary /ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛɹi/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/
长单词——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/, archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 artifact, archaeologist, glacier 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

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跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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