跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 1 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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Cambridge IELTS 16, Reading Test 1.

Passage 1.

Why we need to protect polar bears.

Polar bears are being increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, but their disappearance could have far-reaching consequences.

They are uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, where temperatures can reach minus 40 degrees Celsius.

One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimeters of fat underneath their skin.

Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease.

Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences.

A 2014 study by Shi Ping Liu and colleagues sheds light on this mystery.

They compared the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears.

This allowed them to determine the genes that have allowed polar bears to survive in one of the toughest environments on Earth.

Lure and his colleagues found the polar bears had a gene known as a POV, which reduces levels of low-density lipoproteins, LDLs, a form of bad cholesterol.

In humans, mutations of this gene are associated with increased risk of heart disease.

Polar bears may therefore be an important study model to understand heart disease in humans.

The genome of the polar bear may also provide the solution for another condition, one that particularly affects our older generation, osteoporosis.

This is a disease where bones show reduced density, usually caused by insufficient exercise, reduced calcium intake or food starvation.

Bone tissue is constantly being remodeled, meaning that bone is added or removed, depending on nutrient availability and the stress that the bone is under.

Female polar bears, however, undergo extreme conditions during every pregnancy.

Once autumn comes around, these females will dig maternity dens in the snow and will remain there throughout the winter, both before and after the birth of their cubs.

This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs alive, depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves.

Despite this, their bones remain strong and dense.

Physiologists Alanda Lennox and Alan Goodship found an explanation for this paradox in 2008.

They discovered that pregnant bears were able to increase the density of their bones before they started to build their dens.

In addition, six months later, when they finally emerged from the den with their cubs, there was no evidence of significant loss of bone density.

Hibernating brown bears do not have this capacity and must therefore resort to major bone reformation in the following spring.

If the mechanism of bone remodeling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans and even astronauts could potentially benefit.

The medical benefits of the polar bear for humanity certainly have their importance in our conservation efforts, but these should not be the only factors taken into consideration.

We tend to want to protect animals with their power intelligence and possess emotions, such as elephants and primates.

Bears, on the other hand, seem to be perceived as stupid and in many cases violent.

And yet anecdotal evidence from the field challenges those assumptions, suggesting for example that polar bears have good problem-solving abilities.

A male bear called Gogo in Tinojizu, Osaka, has even been observed making use of a tool to manipulate his environment.

The bear used a tree branch on multiple occasions to dislodge a piece of meat hung out his reach.

Problem-solving ability has also been witnessed in wild polar bears, although not as obviously as with Gogo.

A calculated move by a male bear involved running

and jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform 4 meters high.

In other studies, such as one by Allison Ames in 2008, polar bears showed deliberate and focused manipulation.

For example, Ames observed bears putting objects in piles and then knocking them over in what appeared to be a game.

The study demonstrates that bears are capable of agile and thought-out behaviors.

These examples suggest bears have greater creativity and problem-solving abilities than previously thought.

As for emotions, while the evidence is once again anecdotal, many bears have been seen to head out at ice and snow,

seemingly out of frustration, when they have just missed out on a kill.

Moreover, polar bears can form unusual relationships with other species, including playing with the dogs used to pull sleds in the Arctic.

Remarkably, one hand-raised polar bear called Eiji has formed a close

relationship with her owner-marked Duma to the point where they even swim together.

This is even more astonishing since polar bears are known to actively hunt humans in the wild.

If climate change were to lead to their extinction, this would mean not only the loss of potential breakthroughs in human nursing,

but more importantly, the disappearance of an intelligent, majestic animal.

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本课的词汇与口语要点

这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 1”为素材。视频中反复出现的词有：bear, polar, bone, density, disease。这段视频共有 47 个句子、818 个单词可供跟读。讲话部分时长为 5:23。说话人语速自然，每分钟约 152 个词，接近日常对话。只有 72% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。

视频中的重点词汇

视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：

单词	发音	释义
polar 形容词	/ˈpoʊlɚ/	極地的 /极地的
disappearance 名词	/dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/	消失, 失蹤 /失踪
calcium 名词	/ˈkælsi.əm/	鈣 /钙
colleague 名词	/ˈkɒliːɡ/	同事, 同僚
observe 动词	/əbˈzɜːv/	遵守, 遵循
consequence 名词	/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/	後果 /后果, 結果 /结果
astonish 动词	/əˈstɑnɪʃ/	震驚 /震惊
bedridden 形容词	/ˈbɛdɹɪdən/	臥床不起的 /卧床不起的
deplete 动词	/dɪˈplit/	耗竭, 放血
dislodge 动词	/dɪsˈlɒdʒ/	逐出
hibernate 动词	/ˈhaɪbəɹˌneɪt/	冬眠
osteoporosis 名词	/ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/	骨質疏鬆 /骨质疏松
primate 名词	/ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/	靈長目動物 /灵长目动物, 靈長目 /灵长目
nutrient 名词	/ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/	養分 /养分, 營養素 /营养素
starvation 名词	/stɑɹˈveɪʃən/	飢餓 /饥饿, 糧荒 /粮荒

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构	视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的	would be considered · are associated · being remodeled
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事	have allowed · has even been observed · has also been witnessed

需要注意的发音

“th” 音: breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
长单词——注意重音位置: disappearance /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/, lipoprotein /ˌlai.poʊˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, maternity /məˈtɜɹnəti/

中文母语者容易读错的音：

/v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: disappearance /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, consequence /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/, adipose /ˈæd.ɪ.poʊs/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: lipoprotein /ˌlai.poʊˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/, calorie /ˈkæləɹi/, cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, deliberate /dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/

如何用这段视频练习

先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 polar, disappearance, calcium 这类单词。

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →

跟读练习: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 1 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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