Shadowing Practice: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 1 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Cambridge IELTS 16, Reading Test 1.
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Passage 1.
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Why we need to protect polar bears.
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Polar bears are being increasingly threatened by the effects of climate change, but their disappearance could have far-reaching consequences.
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They are uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, where temperatures can reach minus 40 degrees Celsius.
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One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimeters of fat underneath their skin.
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Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from diabetes and heart disease.
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Yet the polar bear experiences no such consequences.
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A 2014 study by Shi Ping Liu and colleagues sheds light on this mystery.
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They compared the genetic structure of polar bears with that of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears.
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This allowed them to determine the genes that have allowed polar bears to survive in one of the toughest environments on Earth.
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Lure and his colleagues found the polar bears had a gene known as a POV, which reduces levels of low-density lipoproteins, LDLs, a form of bad cholesterol.
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In humans, mutations of this gene are associated with increased risk of heart disease.
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Polar bears may therefore be an important study model to understand heart disease in humans.
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The genome of the polar bear may also provide the solution for another condition, one that particularly affects our older generation, osteoporosis.
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This is a disease where bones show reduced density, usually caused by insufficient exercise, reduced calcium intake or food starvation.
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Bone tissue is constantly being remodeled, meaning that bone is added or removed, depending on nutrient availability and the stress that the bone is under.
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Female polar bears, however, undergo extreme conditions during every pregnancy.
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Once autumn comes around, these females will dig maternity dens in the snow and will remain there throughout the winter, both before and after the birth of their cubs.
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This process results in about six months of fasting, where the female bears have to keep themselves and their cubs alive, depleting their own calcium and calorie reserves.
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Despite this, their bones remain strong and dense.
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Physiologists Alanda Lennox and Alan Goodship found an explanation for this paradox in 2008.
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They discovered that pregnant bears were able to increase the density of their bones before they started to build their dens.
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In addition, six months later, when they finally emerged from the den with their cubs, there was no evidence of significant loss of bone density.
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Hibernating brown bears do not have this capacity and must therefore resort to major bone reformation in the following spring.
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If the mechanism of bone remodeling in polar bears can be understood, many bedridden humans and even astronauts could potentially benefit.
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The medical benefits of the polar bear for humanity certainly have their importance in our conservation efforts, but these should not be the only factors taken into consideration.
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We tend to want to protect animals with their power intelligence and possess emotions, such as elephants and primates.
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Bears, on the other hand, seem to be perceived as stupid and in many cases violent.
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And yet anecdotal evidence from the field challenges those assumptions, suggesting for example that polar bears have good problem-solving abilities.
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A male bear called Gogo in Tinojizu, Osaka, has even been observed making use of a tool to manipulate his environment.
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The bear used a tree branch on multiple occasions to dislodge a piece of meat hung out his reach.
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Problem-solving ability has also been witnessed in wild polar bears, although not as obviously as with Gogo.
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A calculated move by a male bear involved running
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and jumping onto barrels in an attempt to get to a photographer standing on a platform 4 meters high.
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In other studies, such as one by Allison Ames in 2008, polar bears showed deliberate and focused manipulation.
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For example, Ames observed bears putting objects in piles and then knocking them over in what appeared to be a game.
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The study demonstrates that bears are capable of agile and thought-out behaviors.
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These examples suggest bears have greater creativity and problem-solving abilities than previously thought.
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As for emotions, while the evidence is once again anecdotal, many bears have been seen to head out at ice and snow,
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seemingly out of frustration, when they have just missed out on a kill.
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Moreover, polar bears can form unusual relationships with other species, including playing with the dogs used to pull sleds in the Arctic.
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Remarkably, one hand-raised polar bear called Eiji has formed a close
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relationship with her owner-marked Duma to the point where they even swim together.
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This is even more astonishing since polar bears are known to actively hunt humans in the wild.
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If climate change were to lead to their extinction, this would mean not only the loss of potential breakthroughs in human nursing,
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but more importantly, the disappearance of an intelligent, majestic animal.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 1”. Las palabras que más se repiten: bear, polar, bone, density, disease. Este vídeo tiene 47 frases y 818 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:23. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 152 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 72 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
polar adjetivo/ˈpoʊlɚ/polar
anecdotal adjetivo[ˌænɪkˈdəʊ̯tɫ̩]anecdótico
remodel verboremodelar, reformar
disappearance sustantivo/dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/desaparición
calcium sustantivo/ˈkælsi.əm/calcio
colleague sustantivo/ˈkɒliːɡ/colega, compañero
den sustantivo/ˈdɛn/gabinete
observe verbo/əbˈzɜːv/servar, observar
consequence sustantivo/ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwəns/consecuencia
adipose adjetivo/ˈæd.ɪ.poʊs/adiposo
astonish verbo/əˈstɑnɪʃ/asombrar, sorprender
bedridden adjetivo/ˈbɛdɹɪdən/limitado a la cama, confinado en cama
deplete verbo/dɪˈplit/depletar, mermar
dislodge verbo/dɪsˈlɒdʒ/desalojar
hibernate verbo/ˈhaɪbəɹˌneɪt/hibernar, hibernizar (DPD)

Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
come around verbo/kʌ.məˈɹaʊnd/entrar en razón

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacewould be considered · are associated · being remodeled
Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahorahave allowed · has even been observed · has also been witnessed

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

  • Los sonidos de “th”: breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/
  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: disappearance /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/, lipoprotein /ˌlai.poʊˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/, osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/, reformation /ˌɹɛf.əɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/, maternity /məˈtɜɹnəti/

Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:

  • /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/, perceive /pɚˈsiv/, comparative /kəmˈpæɹətɪv/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
  • /z/ — sonora, no /s/: observe /əbˈzɜːv/, possess /pəˈzɛs/
  • /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: dislodge /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/, majestic /məˈd͡ʒɛstɪk/, genome /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/, emerge /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como polar, anecdotal, remodel.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →