跟读练习: Cambridge 19 listening test 2 section 4 - 通过视频学习英语口语

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For my project on invertebrates, I chose to study tardigrades.
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These are microscopic, or to be more precise, near -microscopic animals.
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There are well over a thousand known species of these tiny animals, which belong to the phylum Tardigrada.
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Most tardigrades range in length from 0 .05 to 1 mm,
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though the largest species can grow to be 1 .2 mm in length.
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They're also sometimes called water bears, water because that's where they thrive best and bear because of the way they move.
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Moss piglet is another name for tardigrades because of the way they look when viewed from the front.
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They were first discovered in Germany in 1773 by Johann Goetzer, who coined the name Tardigrada.
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As I say, there are many different species of tardigrade.
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Too many to describe here, but generally speaking, the different species share similar physical traits.
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They have a body which is short and also rounded, a bit like a barrel, and the body comprises four segments.
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Each segment has a pair of legs, at the end of which are between four and eight sharp claws.
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I should also say that some species don't have any claws.
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What they have are discs and these work by means of suction.
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They enable the tardigrade to cling on to surfaces or to grip its prey.
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Within the body there are no lungs or any organs for breathing at all.
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Instead oxygen and also blood are transported in a fluid that fills the cavity of the body.
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As far as the tardigrade's head is concerned, the best way I can describe this is that it looks rather strange,
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a bit squashed even, though many of the websites I looked at described its appearance as cute, which isn't exactly very scientific.
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The tardigrade's mouth is a kind of tube that can open outwards to reveal teeth -like structures known as stylets.
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These are sharp enough to pierce plant or animal cells.
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So where are tardigrades found?
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Well, they live in every part of the world, in a variety of habitats, most commonly on the bed of a lake,
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or on many kinds of plants, or in very wet environments.
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There's been some interesting research which has found
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that tardigrades are capable of surviving radiation and very high pressure
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and they're also able to withstand temperatures as cold as minus 200 degrees centigrade or highs of more than 148 degrees centigrade,
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which is incredibly hot.
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It has been said that tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out, even in the event of an asteroid hitting the Earth.
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If conditions become too extreme and tardigrades are at risk of drying out, they enter a state called cryptobiosis.
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They curl into a ball called a tun, that's T -U -N, by retracting their head and legs,
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and their metabolism drops to less than 1 % of normal levels.
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They can remain like this until they're reintroduced to water, when they will come back to life in a matter of a few hours.
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While in a state of cryptobiosis, tardigrades produce a protein that protects their DNA.
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In 2016, scientists revived two tardigrades that had been tons for more than 30 years.
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There was a report that, in 1948, a 120 -year -old ton was revived,
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but this experiment has never been repeated.
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There are currently several tests taking place in space to determine how long tardigrades might be able to survive there.
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I believe the record so far is 10 days.
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So, moving on.
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In terms of their diet, tardigrades consume liquids in order to survive.
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Although they have teeth, they don't use these for chewing.
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They suck the juices from moss or extract fluid from seaweed.
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But some species prey on other tardigrades, from other species or within their own.
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I suppose this isn't surprising given that tardigrades are mainly comprised of liquid and are coated with a type of gel.
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Finally I'd like to mention the conservation status of tardigrades.
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It is estimated that they have been in existence for approximately half a billion years and,
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in that time, they have survived five mass extinctions.
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So it will probably come as no surprise to you
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that tardigrades have not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are not on any endangered list.
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Some researchers have described them as thriving.
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Does anyone have any questions they'd like to ask?
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你能学到什么

这段视频能帮你提升两大口语技能：一是学术话题阐述能力，学会清晰描述生物特征、习性等复杂内容；二是长句节奏把控，掌握在说明性文本中自然断句的技巧。同时，通过模仿视频中的表达，你还能增强专业词汇的口语运用能力，这对雅思口语练习至关重要。

注意这些发音现象

视频中存在不少连读和弱读现象，比如“water bears”连读为/wɔːtəbeəz/，“cryptobiosis”中的“bi”弱读为/bɪ/。此外，“a kind of”常被简化为/əkaɪndəv/，“as far as”则连读为/æzfɑːrəz/。这些发音细节是影子跟读练习的关键，通过shadowing site反复模仿，能快速提升你的听力理解和口语流畅度。

像母语者一样表达

模仿视频 speaker 的节奏和重音是关键。比如在描述“tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out”时，重音应放在“survive”“long”“wiped out”上，以突出核心信息。同时，注意句子的停顿，如“they curl into a ball called a tun, that's T-U-N, by retracting their head and legs”，在“tun”和“legs”后稍作停顿，让表达更自然。使用“英语影子跟读”技巧，每天坚持30分钟，结合shadowspeak练习，你的口语韵律会逐渐接近母语者水平。

视频中的语法

说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：

结构视频中的用法
被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的are transported · is concerned · has been said
现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事has found · has been said · has never been repeated
定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物body which is · research which has

什么是跟读法？

跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟读法: 阅读完整分步指南 →