跟讀練習: Cambridge 19 listening test 2 section 4 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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For my project on invertebrates, I chose to study tardigrades.

These are microscopic, or to be more precise, near -microscopic animals.

There are well over a thousand known species of these tiny animals, which belong to the phylum Tardigrada.

Most tardigrades range in length from 0 .05 to 1 mm,

though the largest species can grow to be 1 .2 mm in length.

They're also sometimes called water bears, water because that's where they thrive best and bear because of the way they move.

Moss piglet is another name for tardigrades because of the way they look when viewed from the front.

They were first discovered in Germany in 1773 by Johann Goetzer, who coined the name Tardigrada.

As I say, there are many different species of tardigrade.

Too many to describe here, but generally speaking, the different species share similar physical traits.

They have a body which is short and also rounded, a bit like a barrel, and the body comprises four segments.

Each segment has a pair of legs, at the end of which are between four and eight sharp claws.

I should also say that some species don't have any claws.

What they have are discs and these work by means of suction.

They enable the tardigrade to cling on to surfaces or to grip its prey.

Within the body there are no lungs or any organs for breathing at all.

Instead oxygen and also blood are transported in a fluid that fills the cavity of the body.

As far as the tardigrade's head is concerned, the best way I can describe this is that it looks rather strange,

a bit squashed even, though many of the websites I looked at described its appearance as cute, which isn't exactly very scientific.

The tardigrade's mouth is a kind of tube that can open outwards to reveal teeth -like structures known as stylets.

These are sharp enough to pierce plant or animal cells.

So where are tardigrades found?

Well, they live in every part of the world, in a variety of habitats, most commonly on the bed of a lake,

or on many kinds of plants, or in very wet environments.

There's been some interesting research which has found

that tardigrades are capable of surviving radiation and very high pressure

and they're also able to withstand temperatures as cold as minus 200 degrees centigrade or highs of more than 148 degrees centigrade,

which is incredibly hot.

It has been said that tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out, even in the event of an asteroid hitting the Earth.

If conditions become too extreme and tardigrades are at risk of drying out, they enter a state called cryptobiosis.

They curl into a ball called a tun, that's T -U -N, by retracting their head and legs,

and their metabolism drops to less than 1 % of normal levels.

They can remain like this until they're reintroduced to water, when they will come back to life in a matter of a few hours.

While in a state of cryptobiosis, tardigrades produce a protein that protects their DNA.

In 2016, scientists revived two tardigrades that had been tons for more than 30 years.

There was a report that, in 1948, a 120 -year -old ton was revived,

but this experiment has never been repeated.

There are currently several tests taking place in space to determine how long tardigrades might be able to survive there.

I believe the record so far is 10 days.

So, moving on.

In terms of their diet, tardigrades consume liquids in order to survive.

Although they have teeth, they don't use these for chewing.

They suck the juices from moss or extract fluid from seaweed.

But some species prey on other tardigrades, from other species or within their own.

I suppose this isn't surprising given that tardigrades are mainly comprised of liquid and are coated with a type of gel.

Finally I'd like to mention the conservation status of tardigrades.

It is estimated that they have been in existence for approximately half a billion years and,

in that time, they have survived five mass extinctions.

So it will probably come as no surprise to you

that tardigrades have not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are not on any endangered list.

Some researchers have described them as thriving.

Does anyone have any questions they'd like to ask?

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你能學到什麼

這段影片能幫你提升兩大口語技能：一是學術話題闡述能力，學會清晰描述生物特徵、習性等複雜內容；二是長句節奏把控，掌握在說明性文本中自然斷句的技巧。同時，通過模仿影片中的表達，你還能增強專業詞彙的口語運用能力，這對雅思口語練習至關重要。

注意這些發音現象

影片中存在不少連讀和弱讀現象，比如“water bears”連讀為/wɔːtəbeəz/，“cryptobiosis”中的“bi”弱讀為/bɪ/。此外，“a kind of”常被簡化為/əkaɪndəv/，“as far as”則連讀為/æzfɑːrəz/。這些發音細節是影子跟讀練習的關鍵，通過shadowing site反覆模仿，能快速提升你的聽力理解和口語流暢度。

像母語者一樣表達

模仿影片 speaker 的節奏和重音是關鍵。比如在描述“tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out”時，重音應放在“survive”“long”“wiped out”上，以突出核心資訊。同時，注意句子的停頓，如“they curl into a ball called a tun, that's T-U-N, by retracting their head and legs”，在“tun”和“legs”後稍作停頓，讓表達更自然。使用“英語影子跟讀”技巧，每天堅持30分鐘，結合shadowspeak練習，你的口語韻律會逐漸接近母語者水平。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	There's been · has been said · has never been repeated
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are transported · has been said · was revived
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	body which is · research which has

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge 19 listening test 2 section 4 - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

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你能學到什麼

注意這些發音現象

像母語者一樣表達

影片中的語法

什麼是跟讀法？