跟讀練習: Cambridge 17 listening (Test-1) (Part-4) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Part 4.

You will hear an anthropology student giving a presentation on spiral path designs known as labyrinths.

First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Thank you.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years.

Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece and India.

There are various designs of labyrinth, but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area.

There is one starting point at the entrance, and the goal is to reach the central area.

Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it's not possible to get lost, as there is only one single path.

In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning and is often used as a synonym for a maze.

A maze is quite different, as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.

Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe

and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces.

The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it is not possible to see over them.

Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern

and find your way to the centre and then out again.

There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started.

The word maze is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion.

This is where the word amazing comes from.

Labyrinths on the other hand have a very different function.

Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past.

The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life's journey.

It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives, and helped to give people a sense of direction.

Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm, and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.

The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone from Sardinia to Scandinavia,

from Arizona to India to Africa.

In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the Late Bronze Age.

The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology.

In ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around 4,000 years ago.

Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.

In Northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on.

These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern.

The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites which may date back thousands of years.

Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.

More recently, labyrinths have experienced something of a revival.

Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits,

which include slower breathing, and a restored sense of balance and perspective.

This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centers and even prisons in recent years.

A pamphlet at Colorado Children's Hospital informs patients that walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis.

And apparently, it's not only patients who benefit.

Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room.

Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks.

In some hospitals, patients who can't walk can have a paper finger labyrinth brought to their bed.

The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths.

For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided short-term calming,

relaxation and relief from anxiety for Alzheimer's patients.

So what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal?

That is the end of part four.

You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 50 個句子、750 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:21。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 118 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 76% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ (名詞) — 螺線 /螺線. A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
maze /ˈmeɪz/ (名詞) — 迷宮 /迷宮. A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.
circular /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ (形容詞) — 圓 /圓. Of or relating to a circle.
universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ (形容詞) — 宇宙的. Of or pertaining to the universe.
finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (名詞) — 手指, 指頭 /指頭. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (形容詞) — 複雜 /複雜. Difficult or convoluted.
carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (副詞) — 小心地. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
thick /θɪk/ (形容詞) — ху, 厚. Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ (名詞) — 焦慮 /焦慮, 擔心. An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.
encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ (動詞) — 鼓勵 /鼓勵, 激勵 /激勵. To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
palace /ˈpælɪs/ (名詞) — 宮殿 /宮殿, 宮 /宮. Official residence of a head of state or other dignitary, especially in a monarchical or imperial governmental system.
refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ (動詞) — 談到 /談到. To direct the attention of (someone toward something).
prayer /pɹɛɚ/ (名詞) — дўвар, 祈禱 /祈禱. A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ (形容詞) — 精神. Of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul.
entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ (名詞) — 入口, 門口 /門口. The action of entering, or going in.

影片中出現的短語動詞

come from (動詞) — 來自 /來自. To have as one's origin, birthplace or nationality.
look at (動詞) — 觀察 /觀察, 看. To observe or watch.
work out /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ (動詞) — 計算 /計算, 算出. To calculate.

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: thick /θɪk/, breathe /bɹiːð/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/, bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 spiral, maze, circular 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	have been found · is often used · be found
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	have existed · have been found · has taken

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge 17 listening (Test-1) (Part-4) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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