Prática de Shadowing: Cambridge 17 listening (Test-1) (Part-4) - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo

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Part 4.
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You will hear an anthropology student giving a presentation on spiral path designs known as labyrinths.
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First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years.
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Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece and India.
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There are various designs of labyrinth, but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area.
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There is one starting point at the entrance, and the goal is to reach the central area.
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Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it's not possible to get lost, as there is only one single path.
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In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning and is often used as a synonym for a maze.
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A maze is quite different, as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.
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Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe
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and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces.
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The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it is not possible to see over them.
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Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern
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and find your way to the centre and then out again.
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There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started.
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The word maze is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion.
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This is where the word amazing comes from.
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Labyrinths on the other hand have a very different function.
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Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past.
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The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life's journey.
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It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives, and helped to give people a sense of direction.
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Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm, and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.
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The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone from Sardinia to Scandinavia,
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from Arizona to India to Africa.
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In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the Late Bronze Age.
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The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology.
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In ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around 4,000 years ago.
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Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.
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In Northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on.
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These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern.
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The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites which may date back thousands of years.
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Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.
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More recently, labyrinths have experienced something of a revival.
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Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits,
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which include slower breathing, and a restored sense of balance and perspective.
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This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centers and even prisons in recent years.
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A pamphlet at Colorado Children's Hospital informs patients that walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis.
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And apparently, it's not only patients who benefit.
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Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room.
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Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks.
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In some hospitals, patients who can't walk can have a paper finger labyrinth brought to their bed.
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The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths.
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For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided short-term calming,
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relaxation and relief from anxiety for Alzheimer's patients.
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So what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal?
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.

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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição

Este vídeo tem 50 frases e 750 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:21. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 118 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.

Vocabulário principal deste vídeo

15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:

  • spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ (substantivo) — espiral. A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
  • maze /ˈmeɪz/ (substantivo) — labirinto. A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.
  • involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/ (verbo) — envolver. To have (something) as a component or a related part; to comprise, to include.
  • circular /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ (adjetivo) — circular. Of or relating to a circle.
  • turf /tɝf/ (substantivo) — gramado. A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
  • universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ (adjetivo) — universal. Of or pertaining to the universe.
  • finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (substantivo) — dedo (da mão). A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
  • complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (adjetivo) — complicado. Difficult or convoluted.
  • carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (advérbio) — cuidadosamente, cautelosamente. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
  • thick /θɪk/ (adjetivo) — espesso, grosso. Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
  • anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ (substantivo) — angústia, ansiedade. An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.
  • encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ (verbo) — encorajar, incentivar. To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
  • palace /ˈpælɪs/ (substantivo) — palácio. Official residence of a head of state or other dignitary, especially in a monarchical or imperial governmental system.
  • refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ (verbo) — encaminhar. To direct the attention of (someone toward something).
  • prayer /pɹɛɚ/ (substantivo) — oração, prece. A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.

Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir

  • come from (verbo) — vir de, ser de. To have as one's origin, birthplace or nationality.
  • look at (verbo) — observar, ver. To observe or watch.
  • take on (verbo) — aparecer. To acquire, bring in, or introduce.
  • work out /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ (verbo) — calcular. To calculate.

Pronúncia para ficar de olho

  • Os sons de “th”: thick /θɪk/, breathe /bɹiːð/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/, bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/
  • Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
  • Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

Como praticar com este vídeo

  1. Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
  2. Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
  3. Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como spiral, maze, involve.

Gramática neste vídeo

As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:

EstruturaNo vídeo
Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem fazhave been found · be found · are usually surrounded
Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agorahave existed · have been found · has taken

O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.

Técnica de shadowing: leia o guia completo passo a passo →