シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 17 listening (Test-1) (Part-4) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
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Part 4.
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You will hear an anthropology student giving a presentation on spiral path designs known as labyrinths.
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First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years.
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Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece and India.
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There are various designs of labyrinth, but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area.
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There is one starting point at the entrance, and the goal is to reach the central area.
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Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it's not possible to get lost, as there is only one single path.
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In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning and is often used as a synonym for a maze.
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A maze is quite different, as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.
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Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe
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and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces.
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The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it is not possible to see over them.
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Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern
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and find your way to the centre and then out again.
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There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started.
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The word maze is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion.
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This is where the word amazing comes from.
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Labyrinths on the other hand have a very different function.
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Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past.
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The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life's journey.
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It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives, and helped to give people a sense of direction.
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Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm, and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.
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The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone from Sardinia to Scandinavia,
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from Arizona to India to Africa.
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In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the Late Bronze Age.
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The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology.
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In ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around 4,000 years ago.
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Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.
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In Northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on.
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These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern.
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The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites which may date back thousands of years.
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Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.
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More recently, labyrinths have experienced something of a revival.
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Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits,
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which include slower breathing, and a restored sense of balance and perspective.
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This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centers and even prisons in recent years.
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A pamphlet at Colorado Children's Hospital informs patients that walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis.
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And apparently, it's not only patients who benefit.
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Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room.
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Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks.
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In some hospitals, patients who can't walk can have a paper finger labyrinth brought to their bed.
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The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths.
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For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided short-term calming,
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relaxation and relief from anxiety for Alzheimer's patients.
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So what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal?
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が50文、単語が750語あります。 音声の長さは6:21です。 話す速さは1分あたり約118語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は76%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくるやや難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

  • spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ (名詞) — 渦巻, 渦巻線. A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
  • maze /ˈmeɪz/ (名詞) — 迷路, 迷宮. A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.
  • circular /ˈsɜɹ.kjə.ləɹ/ (形容詞) — 丸い. Of or relating to a circle.
  • universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/ (形容詞) — 宇宙の. Of or pertaining to the universe.
  • finger /ˈfɪŋɡɚ/ (名詞) — 指. A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb, and the corresponding part, irrespective of including a thumb, in many other…
  • complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (形容詞) — 複雑な. Difficult or convoluted.
  • carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (副詞) — じっくり, 慎重に. With care; attentively, circumspectly.
  • thick /θɪk/ (形容詞) — 太い, 厚い. Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
  • anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ (名詞) — 心配, 不安. An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.
  • encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ (動詞) — 勇気付ける, 奨励する. To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
  • palace /ˈpælɪs/ (名詞) — 宮殿, 宮闕. Official residence of a head of state or other dignitary, especially in a monarchical or imperial governmental system.
  • refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ (動詞) — 問い合わせる. To direct the attention of (someone toward something).
  • prayer /pɹɛɚ/ (名詞) — 祈り, 祈祷. A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
  • spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ (形容詞) — 精神的. Of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul.
  • entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ (名詞) — 入口. The action of entering, or going in.

注意したい発音

  • 「th」の音: thick /θɪk/, breathe /bɹiːð/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/, labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/, bathhouse /ˈbæθˌhaʊs/
  • 「sh」と「zh」の音: presentation /ˌpɹɛzn̩ˈteɪʃn̩/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
  • 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/

この動画での練習方法

  1. まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
  2. 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
  3. 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。spiral, maze, circularなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるhave been found · be found · are usually surrounded
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係しているhave existed · have been found · has taken

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →