シャドーイング練習: Cambridge 19 listening test 2 section 4 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

レッスンを作成中...
1
For my project on invertebrates, I chose to study tardigrades.
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These are microscopic, or to be more precise, near -microscopic animals.
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There are well over a thousand known species of these tiny animals, which belong to the phylum Tardigrada.
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Most tardigrades range in length from 0 .05 to 1 mm,
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though the largest species can grow to be 1 .2 mm in length.
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They're also sometimes called water bears, water because that's where they thrive best and bear because of the way they move.
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Moss piglet is another name for tardigrades because of the way they look when viewed from the front.
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They were first discovered in Germany in 1773 by Johann Goetzer, who coined the name Tardigrada.
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As I say, there are many different species of tardigrade.
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Too many to describe here, but generally speaking, the different species share similar physical traits.
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They have a body which is short and also rounded, a bit like a barrel, and the body comprises four segments.
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Each segment has a pair of legs, at the end of which are between four and eight sharp claws.
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I should also say that some species don't have any claws.
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What they have are discs and these work by means of suction.
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They enable the tardigrade to cling on to surfaces or to grip its prey.
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Within the body there are no lungs or any organs for breathing at all.
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Instead oxygen and also blood are transported in a fluid that fills the cavity of the body.
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As far as the tardigrade's head is concerned, the best way I can describe this is that it looks rather strange,
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a bit squashed even, though many of the websites I looked at described its appearance as cute, which isn't exactly very scientific.
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The tardigrade's mouth is a kind of tube that can open outwards to reveal teeth -like structures known as stylets.
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These are sharp enough to pierce plant or animal cells.
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So where are tardigrades found?
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Well, they live in every part of the world, in a variety of habitats, most commonly on the bed of a lake,
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or on many kinds of plants, or in very wet environments.
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There's been some interesting research which has found
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that tardigrades are capable of surviving radiation and very high pressure
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and they're also able to withstand temperatures as cold as minus 200 degrees centigrade or highs of more than 148 degrees centigrade,
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which is incredibly hot.
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It has been said that tardigrades could survive long after human beings have been wiped out, even in the event of an asteroid hitting the Earth.
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If conditions become too extreme and tardigrades are at risk of drying out, they enter a state called cryptobiosis.
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They curl into a ball called a tun, that's T -U -N, by retracting their head and legs,
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and their metabolism drops to less than 1 % of normal levels.
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They can remain like this until they're reintroduced to water, when they will come back to life in a matter of a few hours.
34
While in a state of cryptobiosis, tardigrades produce a protein that protects their DNA.
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In 2016, scientists revived two tardigrades that had been tons for more than 30 years.
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There was a report that, in 1948, a 120 -year -old ton was revived,
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but this experiment has never been repeated.
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There are currently several tests taking place in space to determine how long tardigrades might be able to survive there.
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I believe the record so far is 10 days.
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So, moving on.
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In terms of their diet, tardigrades consume liquids in order to survive.
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Although they have teeth, they don't use these for chewing.
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They suck the juices from moss or extract fluid from seaweed.
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But some species prey on other tardigrades, from other species or within their own.
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I suppose this isn't surprising given that tardigrades are mainly comprised of liquid and are coated with a type of gel.
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Finally I'd like to mention the conservation status of tardigrades.
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It is estimated that they have been in existence for approximately half a billion years and,
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in that time, they have survived five mass extinctions.
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So it will probably come as no surprise to you
50
that tardigrades have not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are not on any endangered list.
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Some researchers have described them as thriving.
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Does anyone have any questions they'd like to ask?
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この動画は誰におすすめ？

英語のリスニング力向上や、IELTS スピーキング対策を目指す中級レベルの学習者に最適です。学術的なトピック（タルジグレード）を取り上げた会話は、専門用語の理解と同時に、自然なスピーチのリズムを身につけるのに役立ちます。シャドーイングの練習にも最適で、shadowing site での反復練習で発音と流暢さが向上します。

覚えておきたい単語と表現

  • tardigrade：タルジグレード（ミクロの動物、水熊虫）
  • cryptobiosis：隠生現象（極端な環境下での休眠状態）
  • stylets：口針（タルジグレードの口にある鋭い構造）
  • thrive best：最もよく繁殖する
  • metabolism drops to less than 1% of normal levels：代謝が通常の1%以下に低下する

発音を磨くポイント

英語の発音を良くするには、スピーカーのアクセントとリズムに注目しましょう。「tardigrade」の「tar」は軽く発音し、「-grade」は「グレイド」ではなく「グレイド」と短く終わらせます。「cryptobiosis」の「crypto-」は「クリプト」ではなく「クリプトー」と長めに発音します。shadow speech の練習では、「They can remain like this until they're reintroduced to water」のような長い文を区切りながら真似し、弱音やリンクを覚えましょう。特に「until they're」は「アンティル ゼアー」とリンクさせるのがポイントです。

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てるare transported · is concerned · has been said
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係しているhas found · has been said · has never been repeated
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加えるbody which is · research which has

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →