シャドーイング練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Passage 2.

The Step Pyramid of Joseph.

A. The pyramids are the most famous monuments of ancient Egypt and still hold enormous interest for people in the present day.

These grand, impressive tributes to the memory of the Egyptian kings have become linked with the country and the other cultures,

such as the Chinese and Mayans, also built pyramids.

The evolution of the pyramid form has been written and argued about for centuries.

However, there is no question there, as far as Egypt is concerned.

It began with one monument to one king designed by one brilliant architect, the step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara.

Djoser was the first king of the third dynasty of Egypt and the first to build in stone.

Prior to Djoser's reign, tombs were rectangular monuments made of dried clay brick, which covered underground passages where the deceased person was buried.

For reasons which remain unclear, Joseph's main official, whose name was Imhotep, conceived of building a taller,

more impressive tomb for his king by stacking stone slabs on top of one another, progressively making them smaller, to form the shape now known as the Steak Pyramid.

Joseph is thought to have reigned for 19 years, but some historians and scholars attribute a much longer time for his rule owing to the number

and size of the monuments he built.

See, the step pyramid has been thoroughly examined and investigated over the last century, and it is now known that the building process went through many different stages.

Historian Mark Van de Mirab comments on this, writing much experimentation was involved,

which is especially clear in the construction of the pyramid in the center of the complex.

It had several plans before it became the first step pyramid in history, piling six levels on top of one another.

The weight of the enormous mass was a challenge for the builders, who placed the stones at an inward incline in order to prevent the monument breaking up.

When finally completed, The step pyramid rose 62 meters high and was the tallest structure of its time.

The complex in which it was built was the size of a city in ancient Egypt and included a temple, courtyards, shrines, and living quarters for the priests.

It covered a region of 16 hectares and was surrounded by a wall 10.5 meters high.

The wall had 13 false doors cut into it with only one true entrance cut into the southeast corner.

The entire wall was then ringed by a trench 750 meters long

and 40 meters wide the false doors in the trench were incorporated into the complex to discourage unwanted visitors

if someone wished to enter he

or she would have needed to know in advance how to find the location of the true opening in the wall

Joseph was so proud of his accomplishment

that he broke the tradition of having only his own name on the Mondini

and had him Hotex name carved on it as well.

E, the burial chamber of the tomb, where the king's body was laid to rest, was dug beneath the base of the pyramid,

surrounded by a vast maze of long tunnels that had rooms off them to discourage robbers robbers.

One of the most mysterious discoveries found inside the pyramid was a large number of stone vessels.

Over 40,000 of these vessels, of various forms and shapes, were discovered in storerooms of the pyramid's underground passages.

They are inscribed with the names of rulers from the First

and Second Dynasties of Egypt and made from different kinds of stone.

There is no agreement among scholars

and archaeologists on why the vessels were placed in the the tomb of Jozo or what they were supposed to represent.

The archaeologist Jean-Philippe Lauer, who excavated most of the pyramid and complex,

believes they were originally stored and then given a proper burial by Joseph in his pyramid to honor his predecessors.

There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet

another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber.

If, unfortunately, all of the precautions

and intricate design of the underground network did not prevent ancient robbers from finding a way in.

Joseph's grave boots, and even his body, were stolen at some point in the past,

and all archaeologists' starved, were a small number of his valuables overlooked by the thieves.

There was enough left throughout the pyramid and its conflicts, however, to astonish and amaze the archaeologists who excavated it.

G. Egyptologist Miroslav Vena writes, few monuments hold a place in human history as significant as that of the Steak Pyramid in Saqqara,

it can be said without exaggeration

that this pyramid complex constitutes a milestone in the evolution of monumental stone architecture in Egypt

and in the world as a whole.

The Steak Pyramid was a revolutionary advance in architecture

and became the archetype which all the other great pyramid builders of Egypt would follow.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：pyramid, Egypt, monument, stone, complex。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が54文、単語が830語あります。音声の長さは5:01です。話す速さは1分あたり約165語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は74%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
pyramid 名詞	/ˈpɪɹ.ə.mɪd/	ピラミッド, 金字塔
monument 名詞	/ˈmɑnjʊmənt/	記念碑, モニュメント
archaeologist 名詞	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古学者
robber 名詞	/ˈɹɑ.bɚ/	盗賊, 強盗
tomb 名詞	/tum/	墓, 墳墓
meter 名詞	/ˈmitəɹ/	メーター, 計量器
historian 名詞	/hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/	歴史家, 史家
burial 名詞	/ˈbɛɹi.əl/	埋葬
discourage 動詞	/dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/	落胆させる, がっかりさせる
trench 名詞	/ˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/	塹壕, トレンチ
surround 動詞	/səˈɹaʊnd/	囲む, 取り巻く
builder 名詞	/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/	建設者
scholar 名詞	/ˈskɑlɚ/	学生
reign 名詞	/ɹeɪ̯n/	治世, 統治
archetype 名詞	/ˈɑɹkɪtaɪp/	原型, 祖型

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	has been written · was buried · is thought
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have become · has been written · has been

注意したい発音

「th」の音: thief /ˈθiːf/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, southeast /sawˈθɪjst/
「sh」と「zh」の音: astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, precaution /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/, accomplishment /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, historian /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/, exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/, experimentation /ɪkˌspɛɹ.ə.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/, monumental /ˌmɑnjəˈmɛntəl/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/, builder /ˈbɪl.dəɹ/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/, conceive /kənˈsiːv/, progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/, starve /stɑɹv/, overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: thief /ˈθiːf/, shaft /ˈʃɑːft/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。pyramid, monument, archaeologistなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 1 Passage 2 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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