跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Passage 2.

Climate change reveals ancient artifacts in Norway's glaciers.

A well above the treeline in Norway's highest mountains, ancient fields of ice are shrinking as Earth's climate warms.

As the ice has vanished, it has been giving up the treasures it has preserved in cold storage for the last 6,000 years,

items such as ancient arrows and skis from Viking Age traders.

And those artifacts have provided archaeologists with some surprising insights into how ancient Norwegians made their livings.

The organic materials like textiles and hides are relatively rare finds at archaeological sites.

This is because unless they're protected from the microorganisms that cause decay, they tend not to last long.

Extreme cold is one reliable way to keep artifacts relatively fresh for a few thousand years,

but once thawed out, these materials experience degradation relatively swiftly.

With climate change shrinking ice cover around the world, glacial archaeologists need to race the clock to find newly revealed artifacts,

preserve them, and study them.

If something fragile dries and is windblown it might very soon be lost to science,

or an arrow might be exposed and then covered again by the next snow and remain well preserved.

The unpredictability means that glacial archaeologists have to be systematic in their approach to fieldwork.

See over a nine-year period, a team of archaeologists, which included Lars Piro of Oplund County Council,

Norway, and James Barrett of the MacDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, surveyed patches of ice in Oplund,

an area of south-central Norway that is home to some of the country's highest mountains.

Reindeer once congregated on these icy patches in the later summer months to escape biting insects, and from the late Stone Age, hunters followed.

In addition, trade routes threaded through the mountain passes of Oplund, linking settlements in Norway to the rest of Europe.

The slow but steady movement of glaciers tends to destroy anything at their bases,

so the team focused on stationary patches of ice, mostly above 1,400 meters.

That ice is found amid fields of frost-weathered boulders, fallen rocks, and exposed bedrock that for nine months of the year is buried beneath snow.

Fieldwork is hard work, hiking with all our equipment, often camping on permafrost, but very rewarding.

You're rescuing the archaeology, bringing the melting ice to wider attention,

discovering a unique environmental history and really connecting with the natural environment, says Barrett.

Viking Age, a period of European history from around 700C to around 1050C when Scandinavian Vikings migrated throughout Europe,

by means of trade and warfare the Stone Age, a period in early history that began about 3.4 million years ago.

D. At the edges of the contracting ice patches, archaeologists found more than 2,000 artifacts,

which formed a material record that ran from 4,000 BC to the beginnings of of the Renaissance in the 14th century.

Many of the artifacts are associated with hunting.

Hunters would have easily misplaced arrows and they often discarded broken bows rather than take them all the way home.

Other items could have been used by hunters traversing the high mountain passes of Oplund, or purpose items like tools, skis, and horse tack.

E. Barrett's team radiocarbon dated 153 of the artifacts

and compared those dates to the timing of major environmental changes in the region such as periods of cooling

or warming and major social and economic shifts such as the growth of farming settlements

and the spread of international trade networks leading up to the viking age they found

that some periods had produced lots of artifacts which indicates

that people had been pretty active in the mountains during those times

but there were few or no signs of activity during other periods.

F. What was surprising, according to Barrett, was the timing of these periods.

Oplund's mountains present daunting terrain and in periods of extreme cold,

glaciers could block the higher mountain passes and make travel in the upper reaches of the mountains extremely difficult.

Archaeologists assumed people would stick to lower elevations during a time like the late antique Little Ice Age,

a short period of deeper than usual cold from about 536 to 600 CE.

But it turned out that hunters kept regularly venturing into the mountains even when the climate turned cold,

based on the amount of stuff they had apparently dropped there.

Remarkably, though, the finds from the ice may have continued through this period,

perhaps suggesting that the importance of mountain hunting increased to supplement failing agricultural harvests in times of low temperatures, says Barrett.

A colder turn in the Scandinavian climate would likely have meant widespread crop failures, so more people would have depended on hunting to make up for those losses.

Gee, many of the artifacts Barrett's team recovered date from the beginning of the Viking age, the 700s through to the 900s CE.

Trade networks connecting Scandinavia with Europe, and the Middle East were expanding around this time.

Although we usually think of ships when we think of Scandinavian expansion, these recent discoveries show that plenty of goods traveled on overland routes,

like the mountain passes of Oplund.

And growing Norwegian towns, along with export markets, would have created a booming demand for hives to fight off the cold,

as well as antlers to make useful things like cones.

Business must have been good for hunters.

H Norway's mountains are probably still hiding a lot of history, and prehistory, in remote ice patches.

When Barrett's team looked at the dates for their sample of 153 artifacts,

they noticed a with almost no artifacts from about 3800 to 2200 BCE.

In fact, archaeological finds from that period are rare all over Norway.

The researchers say that could be because many of those artifacts have already disintegrated or are still frozen in the ice.

That means archaeologists could be extracting some of those artifacts from retreating ice in years to come.

Passage 3.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：artifacts, ice, mountain, period, archaeologists。這段影片共有 64 個句子、975 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:55。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 141 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 74% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
artifact 名詞	/ˈɑɹtɪfækt/	人工製品 /人工製品
archaeologist 名詞	/ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/	考古學家 /考古學家
glacier 名詞	/ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/	冰川, 冰河
fieldwork 名詞	/ˈfiːldwɜːk/	調查工作 /調查工作, 田野工作
expose 動詞	/ɪkˈspoʊz/	揭露, 暴露
antler 名詞	/ˈænt.lɚ/	鹿角, 角
bedrock 名詞	/ˈbɛdˌɹɑk/	基岩
discard 動詞	/dɪsˈkɑɹd/	丟棄 /丟棄, 拋棄 /拋棄
disintegrate 動詞	/dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/	解體 /解體, 瓦解
microorganism 名詞	/ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/	微生物
migrate 動詞	/maɪˈɡɹeɪt/	遷徙
misplace 動詞	/mɪsˈpleɪs/	擱忘 /擱忘, 誤放 /誤放
permafrost 名詞	/ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/	永久凍土 /永久凍土
prehistory 名詞		史前, 史前時代 /史前時代
radiocarbon 名詞		放射性碳

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
give up 動詞	投案, 自首
turn out 動詞	原來 /原來

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	be lost · might be exposed · is found
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has vanished · have provided · have meant

需要注意的發音

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/, stationary /ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛɹi/, elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/, microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/, archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 artifact, archaeologist, glacier 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 2 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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