跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Cambridge IELTS 16 Reading Test 2.

The White Horse of Uffington.

The cutting of huge figures are, geoglyphs, into the earth of English hillsides has taken place for more than 3,000 years.

There are 56 hill figures scattered around England, with the vast majority on the chalked downlands of the country's southern counties.

The figures include giants, horses, crosses and regimental badges.

Although the majority of these geoglyphs date within the last 300 years or so, there are one or two that are much older.

The most famous of these figures is perhaps also the most mysterious, the Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire.

The White Horse has recently been redated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned ancient pre-Roman Iron Age date.

More controversial is the date of the enigmatic Long Man of Wilmington in Sussex.

While many historians are convinced the figure is prehistoric, others believe that it was the work of an artistic monk from a nearby priory

and was created between the 11th and 15th centuries.

The method of cutting these huge figures was simply to remove the overlying grass to reveal the gleaming white chalk below.

However, the grass would soon grow over the geoglyph again unless it was regularly cleaned

or scoured by a fairly large team of people.

One reason that the vast majority of hill figures have disappeared is that when the traditions associated with the figures faded,

people no longer bothered or remembered to clear away the grass to expose the chalk outline.

Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place,

thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.

The fact that any ancient hill figures survive at all in England today is testament to the strength

and continuity of local customs and beliefs which, in one case at least, must stretch back over millennia.

Iron Age, a period in Britain 800 BCE-43 CE, that is characterized by the use of iron tools.

The Uffington White Horse is a unique, stylized representation of a horse consisting of a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs, a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head.

The elegant creature almost melts into the landscape,

The horse is situated 2.5 kilometers from Uffington Village on a steep slope close to the Late Bronze Age,

circa 7th century BCE, pilfered of Uffington Castle and below the Ridgeway, a long-distance Neolithic asterisk track.

The Uffington Horse is also surrounded by Bronze Age burial mounds.

It is not far from the Bronze Age Cemetery of Lamburn's Seven Barrows, which consists of more than 30 well-preserved burial mounds.

The carving has been placed in such a way as to make it extremely difficult to see from close quarters, and like many geoglyphs is best appreciated from the air.

Nevertheless, there are certain areas of the Vale of the White Horse, the valley containing and named after the enigmatic creature, from which an adequate impression may be gained.

Indeed on a clear day the carving can be seen from up to 30 kilometers away.

The earliest evidence of a horse at Uffington is from the 1070s CE when, White Horse Hill, is mentioned in documents from the nearby Abbey of Abingdon,

and the first reference to the horse itself is soon after, in 1190 CE.

However, the carving is believed to date back much further than that.

Due to the similarity of the Uffington White Horse to the stylized depictions of horses on 1st century BCE coins, it had been thought that the creature must also date to that period.

However, in 1995 optically stimulated luminescence,

OSL, testing was carried out by the Oxford Archaeological Unit on soil from two of the lower layers of the horse's body, and from another cut near the base.

The result was a date for the horse's construction somewhere between 1400 and 600 BCE in other words, it had a late Bronze Age or early Iron Age origin.

The latter end of this state range would tie the carving of the horse in with occupation of the nearby Uffington Hilford,

indicating that it may represent a tribal emblem marking the land of the inhabitants of the Hilford.

Alternatively, the carving may have been carried out during a Bronze or Iron Age ritual.

Some researchers see the horse as representing the Celtic asterisk asterisk asterisk horse goddess Apona, who was worshipped as a protector of horses,

and for her associations with fertility.

However, the cult of Epona was not imported from Gaul, France, until around the 1st century CE.

This date is at least six centuries after the Uffington horse was probably carved.

Nevertheless, the horse had great ritual and economic significance during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by its depictions on jewelry and other metal objects.

It is possible that the carving represents a goddess in native mythology, such as Rhiannon, described in later Welsh mythology as a beautiful woman dressed in gold and riding a white horse.

The fact that geoglyphs can disappear easily, along with their associated rituals and meaning, indicates that they were never intended to be anything more than temporary gestures.

But this does not lessen their importance.

These giant carvings are a fascinating glimpse into the minds of their creators

and how they viewed the landscape in which they lived.

Passage 2

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 51 個句子、890 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 5:11。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 172 個詞，接近日常對話。只有 74% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個不太常見的單詞，附發音和釋義：

carving /ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/ (名詞) — 雕刻. A carved object.
grass /ɡɹɑːs/ (名詞) — цо, 草. Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as…
ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ (名詞) — 儀式 /儀式, 典禮 /典禮. A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.
chalk /t͡ʃɔk/ (名詞) — 白堊 /白堊. A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃).
vast /væst/ (形容詞) — 浩大. Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).
associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ (名詞) — 同行, 同事. A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner or employee.
landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ (名詞) — 風景 /風景, 景色. A portion of land or territory as defined by its landform, its geographical (and architectural) features.
indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ (動詞) — 表明, 表示. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/ (副詞) — 但是, 可是. In spite of what preceded; yet.
disappear /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ (動詞) — 消失. To vanish.
goddess /ˈɡɑdəs/ (名詞) — 女神. A female deity.
consist /kənˈsɪst/ (名詞) — 編組 /編組. A lineup or sequence of railroad carriages or cars, with or without a locomotive, that form a unit.
outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ (名詞) — 輪廓 /輪廓. A line marking the boundary of an object figure.
burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/ (名詞) — 埋葬. The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth.
mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ (名詞) — 神話 /神話. The collection of myths of a people, concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.

影片中出現的短語動詞

carry out /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ (動詞) — 進行 /進行. To hold while moving it out.
cut in (動詞) — 插隊 /插隊. To intrude or interrupt.

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, thin /ˈθɪn/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/
長單詞——注意重音位置: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 carving, grass, ritual 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	been redated · was created · is characterized
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has taken · have disappeared · has been placed

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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