跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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Passage 3.

Plant thermometer triggers springtime growth by measuring nighttime heat.

A photoreceptor molecule in plant cells has been found to have

a second job as a thermometer after dark allowing plants to read seasonal temperature changes.

Scientists say the discovery could help breed crops that are more resilient to the temperatures expected to result from climate change.

A. An international team of scientists led by the University of Cambridge has discovered

that the thermometer molecule in plants enables them to develop according to seasonal temperature changes.

Researchers have revealed that molecules called phytochromes, used by plants to detect light during the day,

actually change their function in darkness to become cellular temperature gauges that measure the heat of the night.

The new findings, published in the journal Science, show that phytochromes control genetic switches in response to temperature as well as light to dictate plant development.

B. At night, these molecules change states, and the pace at which they change is directly proportional to temperature,

say scientists, who compare phytochromes to mercury in a thermometer.

The warmer it is, the faster the molecular change, stimulating plant growth.

Sea farmers and gardeners have known for hundreds of years how responsive plants are to temperature, warm winters cause many trees and flowers to bud early,

something humans have long used to predict weather and harvest times for the coming year.

The latest research pinpoints for the first time a molecular mechanism in plants

that reacts to temperature often triggering the buds of spring we long to see at the end of winter.

E With weather and temperatures set to become ever more unpredictable due to climate change,

say the discovery that this light-sensing molecule also functions as the internal thermometer in plant cells could help us breed tougher crops.

It is estimated that agricultural yields will need to double by 2050, but climate change is a major threat to achieving this.

Key crops, such as wheat and rice are sensitive to high temperatures.

Thermal stress reduces crop yields by around 10% for every 1 degree increase in temperature,

says lead researcher wigger from cambridge's sainsbury laboratory discovering the molecules

that allow plants to sense temperature has the potential to accelerate the breeding of crops resilient to thermal stress

and climate change e in their active state phytochrome molecules bind

themselves to dna to restrict plant growth during the day sunlight activates the the molecules, slowing down growth.

If a plant finds itself in shade, phytochromes are quickly inactivated, enabling it to grow faster to find sunlight again.

This is how plants compete to escape each other's shade.

Light-driven changes to phytochrome activity occur very fast, in less than a second, says Wigger.

At night, however, it's a different story.

Instead of a rapid deactivation following sundown, the molecules gradually change from their active to inactive state.

This is called dark reversion.

Just as mercury rises in a thermometer, the rate at which phytochromes revert to their inactive state during the night is a direct measure of temperature, says Wigger.

F. The lower the temperature, the slower the rate at which phytochromes revert to inactivity,

so the molecules spend more time in their active, growth-suppressing state.

This is why plants are slower to grow in winter.

Warm temperatures accelerate dark reversion, so that phytochromes rapidly reach an inactive state and detach themselves from the plant's DNA,

allowing genes to be expressed and plant growth to resume.

Wigger believes phytochrome thermosensing evolved at a later stage,

and co-opted the biological network already used for light-based growth during the downtime of night.

Gee some plants mainly use day length as an indicator of the season.

Other species, such as daffodils, have considerable temperature sensitivity, and can flower months in advance during a warm winter. In fact,

the discovery of the dual role of phytochromes provides the science behind a well-known rhyme long used to predict the coming season, oak before ash we'll have a splash,

ash before oak we're in for a soak.

Wigge explains, oak trees rely much more on temperature, likely using phytochromes as thermometers to dictate development,

whereas ash trees rely on measuring day length to determine their seasonal timing.

A warmer spring, and consequently a higher likeliness of a hot summer, will result in oak leafing before ash.

A cold spring will see the opposite.

As the British know only too well, a colder summer is likely to be a rain-soaked one.

H. The new findings are the culmination of 12 years of research involving scientists from Germany,

Argentina, and the U.S., as well as the Cambridge team.

The work was done in a model system, using a mustard plant called Arabidopsis,

but Wigger says the phytochrome genes necessary for temperature sensing are found in crop plants as well.

Recent advances in plant genetics now mean that scientists are able to rapidly identify the genes controlling these processes in crop plants,

and even alter their activity using precise molecular scalpels, adds Wigger.

Cambridge is uniquely well positioned to do this kind of research

as we have outstanding collaborators nearby who work on more applied aspects of plant biology

and can help us transfer this new knowledge into the field.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 3”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：plant, temperature, phytochrome, molecule, thermometer。這段影片共有 58 個句子、872 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:07。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 143 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 72% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
molecule 名詞	/ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/	分子
thermometer 名詞	/θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/	溫度計 /溫度計, 溫度錶 /溫度表
seasonal 形容詞	/ˈsiːzənəl/	季節性 /季節性
breed 動詞	/ˈbɹiːd/	配種 /配種
dictate 動詞	/ˈdɪkˌteɪt/	命令, 規定 /規定
soak 動詞	/soʊk/	濕透 /溼透
accelerate 動詞	/ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/	加速
sunlight 名詞	/ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/	陽光 /陽光, 日光
researcher 名詞	/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/	研究員 /研究員, 研究者
mercury 名詞	/ˈmɜɹkjəɹi/	汞, 水銀 /水銀
predict 動詞	/pɹɪˈdɪkt/	預言 /預言
collaborator 名詞	/kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/	合作者
daffodil 名詞	/ˈdæfəˌdɪl/	黃水仙 /黃水仙
downtime 名詞	/ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm/	停機時間 /停機時間
inactivate 動詞	/ɪˈnæktɪveɪt/	使不活動 /使不活動

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
slow down 動詞	減速 /減速, 放慢

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	has been found · is estimated · is called
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has been found · has discovered · have revealed

需要注意的發音

“th” 音: thermometer /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: reversion /ɹɪˈvɚʒən/, culmination /ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, deactivation /ˌdiːæktɪˈveɪʃən/, splash /splæʃ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: thermometer /θɚˈmɑ.mɪ.tɚ/, accelerate /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/, collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/, culmination /ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, deactivation /ˌdiːæktɪˈveɪʃən/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 molecule, thermometer, seasonal 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 3 Passage 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語

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