쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 1 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Cambridge IELTS 16 Reading Test 2.

The White Horse of Uffington.

The cutting of huge figures are, geoglyphs, into the earth of English hillsides has taken place for more than 3,000 years.

There are 56 hill figures scattered around England, with the vast majority on the chalked downlands of the country's southern counties.

The figures include giants, horses, crosses and regimental badges.

Although the majority of these geoglyphs date within the last 300 years or so, there are one or two that are much older.

The most famous of these figures is perhaps also the most mysterious, the Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire.

The White Horse has recently been redated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned ancient pre-Roman Iron Age date.

More controversial is the date of the enigmatic Long Man of Wilmington in Sussex.

While many historians are convinced the figure is prehistoric, others believe that it was the work of an artistic monk from a nearby priory

and was created between the 11th and 15th centuries.

The method of cutting these huge figures was simply to remove the overlying grass to reveal the gleaming white chalk below.

However, the grass would soon grow over the geoglyph again unless it was regularly cleaned

or scoured by a fairly large team of people.

One reason that the vast majority of hill figures have disappeared is that when the traditions associated with the figures faded,

people no longer bothered or remembered to clear away the grass to expose the chalk outline.

Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place,

thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.

The fact that any ancient hill figures survive at all in England today is testament to the strength

and continuity of local customs and beliefs which, in one case at least, must stretch back over millennia.

Iron Age, a period in Britain 800 BCE-43 CE, that is characterized by the use of iron tools.

The Uffington White Horse is a unique, stylized representation of a horse consisting of a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs, a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head.

The elegant creature almost melts into the landscape,

The horse is situated 2.5 kilometers from Uffington Village on a steep slope close to the Late Bronze Age,

circa 7th century BCE, pilfered of Uffington Castle and below the Ridgeway, a long-distance Neolithic asterisk track.

The Uffington Horse is also surrounded by Bronze Age burial mounds.

It is not far from the Bronze Age Cemetery of Lamburn's Seven Barrows, which consists of more than 30 well-preserved burial mounds.

The carving has been placed in such a way as to make it extremely difficult to see from close quarters, and like many geoglyphs is best appreciated from the air.

Nevertheless, there are certain areas of the Vale of the White Horse, the valley containing and named after the enigmatic creature, from which an adequate impression may be gained.

Indeed on a clear day the carving can be seen from up to 30 kilometers away.

The earliest evidence of a horse at Uffington is from the 1070s CE when, White Horse Hill, is mentioned in documents from the nearby Abbey of Abingdon,

and the first reference to the horse itself is soon after, in 1190 CE.

However, the carving is believed to date back much further than that.

Due to the similarity of the Uffington White Horse to the stylized depictions of horses on 1st century BCE coins, it had been thought that the creature must also date to that period.

However, in 1995 optically stimulated luminescence,

OSL, testing was carried out by the Oxford Archaeological Unit on soil from two of the lower layers of the horse's body, and from another cut near the base.

The result was a date for the horse's construction somewhere between 1400 and 600 BCE in other words, it had a late Bronze Age or early Iron Age origin.

The latter end of this state range would tie the carving of the horse in with occupation of the nearby Uffington Hilford,

indicating that it may represent a tribal emblem marking the land of the inhabitants of the Hilford.

Alternatively, the carving may have been carried out during a Bronze or Iron Age ritual.

Some researchers see the horse as representing the Celtic asterisk asterisk asterisk horse goddess Apona, who was worshipped as a protector of horses,

and for her associations with fertility.

However, the cult of Epona was not imported from Gaul, France, until around the 1st century CE.

This date is at least six centuries after the Uffington horse was probably carved.

Nevertheless, the horse had great ritual and economic significance during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by its depictions on jewelry and other metal objects.

It is possible that the carving represents a goddess in native mythology, such as Rhiannon, described in later Welsh mythology as a beautiful woman dressed in gold and riding a white horse.

The fact that geoglyphs can disappear easily, along with their associated rituals and meaning, indicates that they were never intended to be anything more than temporary gestures.

But this does not lessen their importance.

These giant carvings are a fascinating glimpse into the minds of their creators

and how they viewed the landscape in which they lived.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 51개와 단어 890개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:11입니다. 화자는 분당 약 172단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 74%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 덜 흔한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

grass /ɡɹɑːs/ (명사) — 풀, 잡초. Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as…
ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ (명사) — 의식, 의례. A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.
chalk /t͡ʃɔk/ (명사) — 백악. A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃).
vast /væst/ (형용사) — 광대하다, 거대하다. Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).
associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ (명사) — 제휴자, 조합원. A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner or employee.
landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ (명사) — 풍경, 경관. A portion of land or territory as defined by its landform, its geographical (and architectural) features.
indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ (동사) — 가리키다. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/ (부사) — 그러나, 하지만. In spite of what preceded; yet.
disappear /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ (동사) — 사라지다. To vanish.
goddess /ˈɡɑdəs/ (명사) — 여신, 녀신. A female deity.
burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/ (명사) — 매장. The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth.
mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ (명사) — 신화. The collection of myths of a people, concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.
temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ (형용사) — 일시적인. Not permanent; existing only for a period or periods of time.
thin /ˈθɪn/ (형용사) — 가늘다, 얇다. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
belief /bɪˈliːf/ (명사) — 믿음. Mental acceptance of a claim as true.

영상에 나오는 구동사

carry out /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ (동사) — 실행하다, 행하다. To hold while moving it out.

주의할 발음

“th” 소리: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, thin /ˈθɪn/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, grass, ritual, chalk 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	been redated · was created · was regularly cleaned
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has taken · has recently been redated · have disappeared

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 1 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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