शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Cambridge Ielts 16 Reading test 2 Passage 1 - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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51 वाक्य
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Cambridge IELTS 16 Reading Test 2.
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The White Horse of Uffington.
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The cutting of huge figures are, geoglyphs, into the earth of English hillsides has taken place for more than 3,000 years.
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There are 56 hill figures scattered around England, with the vast majority on the chalked downlands of the country's southern counties.
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The figures include giants, horses, crosses and regimental badges.
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Although the majority of these geoglyphs date within the last 300 years or so, there are one or two that are much older.
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The most famous of these figures is perhaps also the most mysterious, the Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire.
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The White Horse has recently been redated and shown to be even older than its previously assigned ancient pre-Roman Iron Age date.
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More controversial is the date of the enigmatic Long Man of Wilmington in Sussex.
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While many historians are convinced the figure is prehistoric, others believe that it was the work of an artistic monk from a nearby priory
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and was created between the 11th and 15th centuries.
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The method of cutting these huge figures was simply to remove the overlying grass to reveal the gleaming white chalk below.
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However, the grass would soon grow over the geoglyph again unless it was regularly cleaned
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or scoured by a fairly large team of people.
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One reason that the vast majority of hill figures have disappeared is that when the traditions associated with the figures faded,
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people no longer bothered or remembered to clear away the grass to expose the chalk outline.
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Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place,
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thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.
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The fact that any ancient hill figures survive at all in England today is testament to the strength
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and continuity of local customs and beliefs which, in one case at least, must stretch back over millennia.
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Iron Age, a period in Britain 800 BCE-43 CE, that is characterized by the use of iron tools.
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The Uffington White Horse is a unique, stylized representation of a horse consisting of a long, sleek back, thin disjointed legs, a streaming tail, and a bird-like beaked head.
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The elegant creature almost melts into the landscape,
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The horse is situated 2.5 kilometers from Uffington Village on a steep slope close to the Late Bronze Age,
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circa 7th century BCE, pilfered of Uffington Castle and below the Ridgeway, a long-distance Neolithic asterisk track.
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The Uffington Horse is also surrounded by Bronze Age burial mounds.
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It is not far from the Bronze Age Cemetery of Lamburn's Seven Barrows, which consists of more than 30 well-preserved burial mounds.
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The carving has been placed in such a way as to make it extremely difficult to see from close quarters, and like many geoglyphs is best appreciated from the air.
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Nevertheless, there are certain areas of the Vale of the White Horse, the valley containing and named after the enigmatic creature, from which an adequate impression may be gained.
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Indeed on a clear day the carving can be seen from up to 30 kilometers away.
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The earliest evidence of a horse at Uffington is from the 1070s CE when, White Horse Hill, is mentioned in documents from the nearby Abbey of Abingdon,
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and the first reference to the horse itself is soon after, in 1190 CE.
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However, the carving is believed to date back much further than that.
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Due to the similarity of the Uffington White Horse to the stylized depictions of horses on 1st century BCE coins, it had been thought that the creature must also date to that period.
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However, in 1995 optically stimulated luminescence,
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OSL, testing was carried out by the Oxford Archaeological Unit on soil from two of the lower layers of the horse's body, and from another cut near the base.
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The result was a date for the horse's construction somewhere between 1400 and 600 BCE in other words, it had a late Bronze Age or early Iron Age origin.
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The latter end of this state range would tie the carving of the horse in with occupation of the nearby Uffington Hilford,
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indicating that it may represent a tribal emblem marking the land of the inhabitants of the Hilford.
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Alternatively, the carving may have been carried out during a Bronze or Iron Age ritual.
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Some researchers see the horse as representing the Celtic asterisk asterisk asterisk horse goddess Apona, who was worshipped as a protector of horses,
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and for her associations with fertility.
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However, the cult of Epona was not imported from Gaul, France, until around the 1st century CE.
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This date is at least six centuries after the Uffington horse was probably carved.
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Nevertheless, the horse had great ritual and economic significance during the Bronze and Iron Ages, as attested by its depictions on jewelry and other metal objects.
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It is possible that the carving represents a goddess in native mythology, such as Rhiannon, described in later Welsh mythology as a beautiful woman dressed in gold and riding a white horse.
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The fact that geoglyphs can disappear easily, along with their associated rituals and meaning, indicates that they were never intended to be anything more than temporary gestures.
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But this does not lessen their importance.
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These giant carvings are a fascinating glimpse into the minds of their creators
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and how they viewed the landscape in which they lived.
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 51 वाक्य और 890 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 5:11 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 172 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्वाभाविक गति से बोलता है, जो रोज़मर्रा की बातचीत के करीब है। केवल 74% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 कम प्रचलित शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

  • grass /ɡɹɑːs/ (संज्ञा) — घास. Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as…
  • ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ (संज्ञा) — अनुष्ठान. A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.
  • chalk /t͡ʃɔk/ (संज्ञा) — चूना, खड़िया. A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO₃).
  • landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ (संज्ञा) — भूदृश्य, परिदृश्य. A portion of land or territory as defined by its landform, its geographical (and architectural) features.
  • indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ (क्रिया) — सूचित करना, संकेत करना. To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
  • nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/ (क्रिया विशेषण) — फिर भी, यद्यपि. In spite of what preceded; yet.
  • disappear /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ (क्रिया) — मिटना, ग़ायब होना. To vanish.
  • goddess /ˈɡɑdəs/ (संज्ञा) — देवी. A female deity.
  • burial /ˈbɛɹi.əl/ (संज्ञा) — दफ़न. The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth.
  • temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/ (विशेषण) — अस्थायी. Not permanent; existing only for a period or periods of time.
  • thin /ˈθɪn/ (विशेषण) — पतला, दुबला. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
  • belief /bɪˈliːf/ (संज्ञा) — विश्वास, धारणा. Mental acceptance of a claim as true.
  • custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (संज्ञा) — प्रथा, रीति. Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
  • soil /sɔɪl/ (संज्ञा) — मिट्टी, धरती. A mixture of mineral particles and organic material, used to support plant growth.
  • layer /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ (संज्ञा) — परत, तह. A single thickness of some material covering a surface.

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

  • “th” की ध्वनियाँ: nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, thin /ˈθɪn/, bother /ˈbɑðɚ/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/
  • “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃn̩/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/, worship /ˈwɝ.ʃɪp/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/
  • लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, temporary /ˈtɛmp(əˌɹ)ɛɹi/, representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛnˈteɪ.ʃən/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

  1. पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
  2. 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
  3. अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर grass, ritual, chalk जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचनावीडियो में
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता हैbeen redated · was created · was regularly cleaned
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी हैhas taken · has recently been redated · have disappeared

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →