Pratique du Shadowing: Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

Création de la leçon...
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Cambridge 16, IELTS Reading Test 4.
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Passage 1.
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Roman Tunnels.
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The Romans, who once controlled areas of Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor, adopted the construction techniques of other civilizations to build tunnels in their territories.
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The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas.
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In the early 1st millennium BCE, they introduced the Canet method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line to ensure
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that the tunnel kept to its root and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.
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Underground, workers removed the air from between the ends of the shafts, creating a tunnel.
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The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work.
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Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use.
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Remarkably, some canets built by the persians 2 700 years ago
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are still in use today they later passed on their knowledge
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to the romans who also used the cannet method to construct
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water supply tunnels for agriculture roman cannet tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30
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and 60 meters the shafts were equipped with handholds
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and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid.
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To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft
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and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft.
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Plumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel.
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The 5.6 kilometer long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fusine Lake in central Italy,
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had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.
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By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method,
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in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends.
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It was used to cut through high mountains when the Kanat method was not a practical alternative.
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This method required greater planning and advanced knowledge of surveying, mathematics and geometry as both ends of a tunnel had to meet correctly at the center of the mountain.
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Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems
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or when it deviated from its set path.
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They constantly checked the tunnel's advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and make corrections whenever necessary.
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Large deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel not being usable.
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An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel built
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by the Romans as part of the Salve aqueduct system in
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modern-day Algeria describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain
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and how the later construction of lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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The Romans dug tunnels for their roads using the counter-excavation method whenever they encountered obstacles such as hills
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or mountains that were too high for roads to pass over.
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An example is the 37-meter-long, 6-meter-high, Furlopass tunnel built in Italy in 69-79 CE.
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Remarkably, a modern road still uses this tunnel today.
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Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction.
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Miners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground.
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Traces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolokoti mines in Wales.
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When the sole purpose of a tunnel was mineral extraction, construction required less planning, as the tunnel route was determined by the mineral vein.
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Roman tunnel projects were carefully planned and carried out.
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The length of time it took to construct a tunnel depended on the method being used
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and the type of rock being excavated.
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The Canet construction method was usually faster than the counter excavation method as it was more straightforward.
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This was because the mountain could be excavated not only from the tunnel mouths but also from shafts.
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The type of rock could also influence construction times.
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When the rock was hard,
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1 ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : tunnel, shaft, method, roman, construction. Cette vidéo contient 48 phrases et 731 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:40. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 157 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
shaft nom/ˈʃɑːft/hampe
construct verbe/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/construire
mineral nom/ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/minéral
excavate verbe/ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/excaver
metre nom/ˈmiːtəɹ/mètre
vertical adjectif/ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/vertical
plum nom/plʌm/prune
vein nom/veɪn/veine
remarkably adverbe/ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/remarquablement
interval nom/ˈɪntɚvəl/intervalle
extraction nom/ɪkˈstɹækʃən/extraction
builder nom/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/constructeur, constructrice
civilization nom/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/civilisation
meter nom/ˈmitəɹ/mètre, compteur
aqueduct nom/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/aqueduc

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotPrononciationSens
carry out verbe/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/sortir, transporter dehors

Prononciation à surveiller

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: foothold /ˈfʊthoʊld/, hillside /ˈhɪlˌsaɪd/
  • /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: geological /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk.əl/, geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/, adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: construct /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/, mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/, metre /ˈmiːtəɹ/, remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme shaft, construct, mineral.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →