Shadowing-Übung: Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1 - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video

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Cambridge 16, IELTS Reading Test 4.
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Passage 1.
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Roman Tunnels.
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The Romans, who once controlled areas of Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor, adopted the construction techniques of other civilizations to build tunnels in their territories.
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The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas.
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In the early 1st millennium BCE, they introduced the Canet method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line to ensure
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that the tunnel kept to its root and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.
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Underground, workers removed the air from between the ends of the shafts, creating a tunnel.
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The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work.
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Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use.
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Remarkably, some canets built by the persians 2 700 years ago
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are still in use today they later passed on their knowledge
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to the romans who also used the cannet method to construct
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water supply tunnels for agriculture roman cannet tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30
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and 60 meters the shafts were equipped with handholds
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and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid.
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To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft
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and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft.
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Plumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel.
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The 5.6 kilometer long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fusine Lake in central Italy,
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had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.
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By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method,
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in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends.
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It was used to cut through high mountains when the Kanat method was not a practical alternative.
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This method required greater planning and advanced knowledge of surveying, mathematics and geometry as both ends of a tunnel had to meet correctly at the center of the mountain.
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Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems
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or when it deviated from its set path.
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They constantly checked the tunnel's advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and make corrections whenever necessary.
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Large deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel not being usable.
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An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel built
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by the Romans as part of the Salve aqueduct system in
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modern-day Algeria describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain
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and how the later construction of lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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The Romans dug tunnels for their roads using the counter-excavation method whenever they encountered obstacles such as hills
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or mountains that were too high for roads to pass over.
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An example is the 37-meter-long, 6-meter-high, Furlopass tunnel built in Italy in 69-79 CE.
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Remarkably, a modern road still uses this tunnel today.
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Tunnels were also built for mineral extraction.
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Miners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground.
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Traces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolokoti mines in Wales.
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When the sole purpose of a tunnel was mineral extraction, construction required less planning, as the tunnel route was determined by the mineral vein.
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Roman tunnel projects were carefully planned and carried out.
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The length of time it took to construct a tunnel depended on the method being used
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and the type of rock being excavated.
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The Canet construction method was usually faster than the counter excavation method as it was more straightforward.
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This was because the mountain could be excavated not only from the tunnel mouths but also from shafts.
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The type of rock could also influence construction times.
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When the rock was hard,
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion

Diese Sprechübung auf Niveau B2 basiert auf dem Video „Cambridge 16 IELTS Reading Test 4 Passage 1“. Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: tunnel, shaft, method, roman, construction. Dieses Video enthält 48 Sätze und 731 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 4:40. Der Sprecher spricht in natürlichem Tempo, etwa 157 Wörter pro Minute, ähnlich wie im Alltagsgespräch. Nur 75 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.

Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video

Die 15 anspruchsvollsten Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:

WortAusspracheBedeutung
shaft Substantiv/ˈʃɑːft/Schaft
construct Verb/ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/bauen, konstruieren
mineral Substantiv/ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/Mineral
excavation Substantiv/ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/Grabung, Ausgrabung
metre Substantiv/ˈmiːtəɹ/Meter
vertical Adjektiv/ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/vertikal, senkrecht
plum Substantiv/plʌm/Pflaume, Zwetschge
vein Substantiv/veɪn/Vene, Ader
interval Substantiv/ˈɪntɚvəl/Abstand, Zwischenraum
extraction Substantiv/ɪkˈstɹækʃən/Extraktion
builder Substantiv/ˈbɪl.dəɹ/Bauarbeiter, Bauarbeiterin
civilization Substantiv/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/Zivilisation, Kultur
meter Substantiv/ˈmitəɹ/Messgerät
aqueduct Substantiv/ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/Aquädukt
deviate Verb/ˈdiː.vi.eɪt/abweichen

Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst

WortAusspracheBedeutung
carry out Verb/ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/raus tragen

Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest

  • Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: shaft /ˈʃɑːft/, excavation /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/
  • Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/, civilization /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, deviation /ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:

  • /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/, equip /ɪˈkwɪp/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/
  • Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: foothold /ˈfʊthoʊld/, hillside /ˈhɪlˌsaɪd/, corrections /kəˈɹɛkʃənz/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/
  • /æ/ — offener als „ä“: extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/, lateral /ˈlætəɹəl/, mathematics /mæθ(.ə)ˈmæt.ɪks/

So übst du mit diesem Video

  1. Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
  2. Beginne mit 0,75-facher Geschwindigkeit, sprich Satz für Satz nach und wechsle zur normalen Geschwindigkeit, sobald es leichtfällt.
  3. Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie shaft, construct, mineral.

Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?

Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.

Shadowing-Technik: die vollständige Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung lesen →