Pratique du Shadowing: 'Self-Regulatory focus theory' and leadership | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

Création de la leçon...
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You will hear part of a lecture about leadership introducing a theory called self -regulatory focus theory.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Today, I want to talk about self -regulatory focus theory.
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and how the actions of leaders can affect the way followers approach different situations.
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Self -regulatory focus theory is a theory developed by Torrey Higgins.
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He says that a person's focus at any given time is to either approach pleasure or avoid pain.
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These are two basic motivations that each and every one of us has
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and they cause us to have different kinds of goals.
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Promotion goals in different life situations emphasize achievement.
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Prevention goals are oriented towards the avoidance of punishment.
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In a specific situation, our thoughts might focus more on promotion goals or more on prevention goals.
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The theory suggests that two factors affect which goals we are focusing on.
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First, there is a chronic factor.
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This factor is connected to a person's personality and says
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that each person has a basic tendency to either focus more on promotion goals
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or focus more on prevention goals as part of his or her personality.
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Second, there is a situational factor, which means that the context we are in,
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can make us more likely to focus on one set of goals or the other.
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For example, we are more likely to be thinking about pleasure
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and to have promotion goals when we are spending time with a friend.
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In contrast, if we are working on an important project for our boss, we are more likely to try to avoid making mistakes.
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and therefore have more prevention goals in our mind.
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Research has shown that the goals we are focusing on at a given time affect the way we think.
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For example, when focusing on promotion goals,
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people consider their ideal self their aspirations and gains they don't think about what they can lose.
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So they think in a happier mode, they feel more inspired to change.
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When people are focusing on prevention goals, They think about their "ought" self.
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what are they supposed to be What are people expecting from them?
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They consider their obligations to others.
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As a result, they experience more anxiety and try to avoid situations where they could lose.
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Now that I have talked about the two focuses and how they affect people, I want to look at the idea that the way leaders behave,
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or their style of leading, can affect the focus that followers adopt in a specific situation.
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In talking about leadership, we often mention transformational leaders and transactional leaders.
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Transformational leaders, when interacting with their followers,
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focus on their development In their words and actions, transformational leaders highlight change.
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Their speech is passionate and conveys a definitive vision.
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All of these things can encourage followers to think about what could be.
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In other words, they inspire a promotion focus in their followers.
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In contrast, transactional leaders focus on developing clear structures that tell their followers exactly what is expected of them.
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While they do explain the rewards people will get for following orders,
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They emphasize more how a follower will be punished or that a follower won't get rewarded
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if his or her behavior doesn't change.
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In short, they emphasize the consequences of making a mistake.
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This emphasis will clearly lead followers to focus on avoiding punishment and problems.
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This is clearly a prevention focus.
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In conclusion, it is important to understand that one focus is not necessarily better than the other one.
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For a designer who works in a field where a lot of innovation is needed, a promotion focus is probably better.
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In contrast, a prevention focus, which causes people to work more cautiously and produce higher quality work
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might be very appropriate for a job like a surgeon, for example.
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The main point of the research,
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though, is that the actions of leaders can greatly influence whether people approach a situation with more of a promotion focus,
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or more of a prevention focus.
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That is the end of section four.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 57 phrases et 700 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 7:32. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 93 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. 82 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
promotion nom/pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/promotion
prevention nom/pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/prévention
contrast nom/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/contraste
regulatory adjectif/ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/régulateur, régulatoire
emphasize verbe/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/souligner, accentuer
punishment nom/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/punition, châtiment
reward nom/ɹɪˈwɔɹd/récompense, salaire
inspire verbe/ɪnˈspaɪə(ɹ)/inspirer
necessarily adverbe/ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/absolument, nécessairement
carefully adverbe/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/soigneusement
anxiety nom/æŋˈzaɪ.əti/anxiété, inquiétude
encourage verbe/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/encourager
ideal adjectif/aɪˈdi(ə)l/idéal
designer nom/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/designer, styliste
conclusion nom/kənˈkluːʒən/conclusion, fin

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitare oriented · is connected · is expected
Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenanthas shown · have talked

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 3 contractions et formes réduites, comme doesn't, don't, won't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃn̩/, prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: regulatory /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə.t(ɔː.)ɹi/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/, motivation /ˈmoʊ.tə.veɪ.ʃən/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme promotion, prevention, contrast.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →