Pratique du Shadowing: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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40 phrases
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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about a chemical substance called monosodium glutamate.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about monosodium glutamate, or MSG as it's more commonly known.
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Now, MSG, as you probably know, is a flavor enhancer which is used particularly in Chinese and Japanese cooking.
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Today, I am going to explore why it is so popular in these cuisines,
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and more importantly, How does it enhance the flavor of food?
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The main reason why MSG is more commonly used in Japanese meals is tradition.
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For many thousands of years, the Japanese have incorporated a type of seaweed known as kombu in their cooking,
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as they discovered it had the ability to make food taste better.
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But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu, which was responsible for the improvement in flavor,
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was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.
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From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.
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It was in 1956 that the speed of the process was improved
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and industrial production increased dramatically and still continues to increase to this day.
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In fact, hundreds of thousands of tons of MSG are produced all over the world today.
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So what exactly is MSG?
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Well, monosodium glutamate contains 78.2% glutamate,
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12.2% sodium, and 9.6% water.
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Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods,
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including food such as meat and cheese.
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It is widely known that Chinese and Japanese food contains MSG,
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but many people don't seem to be aware that it is also used in foods in other parts of the world.
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For example, it is found in commercially made Italian pizzas, in American fast food, and in Britain,
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MSG is used in things like potato crisps.
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So how exactly does MSG work?
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Well, in the Western world, we commonly talk of four tastes, and I'm sure you're all familiar with the concepts of sweet,
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sour, bitter, and salt.
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Well, in 1908, Kikunae Ikeda identified a fifth taste,
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and it is thought that MSG intensifies this naturally occurring taste in some food.
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It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect
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or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.
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John Prescott, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, suggests that this fifth taste serves a purpose just as the other tastes do.
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He suggests that it signals to us the presence of protein in food,
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in the same way that sweetness indicates that a food contains energy-giving carbohydrates.
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Bitterness, he says, alerts us to toxins in the food, while sourness warns us of spoilage,
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and saltiness signals the presence of minerals.
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So, what else do we know about this fifth tape?
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Thank you.

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette vidéo contient 40 phrases et 486 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:21. Le locuteur parle lentement, environ 91 mots par minute, ce qui laisse le temps d’imiter chaque son. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
commonly adverbe/ˈkɑmənli/communément, fréquemment
flavor nom/ˈfleɪvə/goût, saveur
naturally adverbe/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/naturellement
acid nom/ˈæsɪd/acide
discover verbe/dɪˈskʌvə/découvrir
lecture nom/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/conférence, cours magistral
commercially adverbecommercialement
meal nom/ˈmiːl/repas
occur verbe/əˈkɜː/se produire, avoir lieu
carefully adverbe/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/soigneusement
pizza nom/ˈpi.tsə/pizza
indicate verbe/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indiquer, signaler
alert adjectif/əˈlɝt/alerte
explore verbe/ɪkˈsploɹ/explorer
ton nom/tʌn/tonne

La grammaire de cette vidéo

Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :

StructureDans la vidéo
Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le faitwas actually discovered · was produced · was improved
Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une choseenhancer which is · kombu, which was · acid which is

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 5 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, don't, wasn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme commonly, flavor, naturally.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →