Shadowing Practice: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about a chemical substance called monosodium glutamate.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about monosodium glutamate, or MSG as it's more commonly known.
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Now, MSG, as you probably know, is a flavor enhancer which is used particularly in Chinese and Japanese cooking.
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Today, I am going to explore why it is so popular in these cuisines,
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and more importantly, How does it enhance the flavor of food?
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The main reason why MSG is more commonly used in Japanese meals is tradition.
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For many thousands of years, the Japanese have incorporated a type of seaweed known as kombu in their cooking,
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as they discovered it had the ability to make food taste better.
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But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu, which was responsible for the improvement in flavor,
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was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.
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From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.
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It was in 1956 that the speed of the process was improved
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and industrial production increased dramatically and still continues to increase to this day.
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In fact, hundreds of thousands of tons of MSG are produced all over the world today.
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So what exactly is MSG?
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Well, monosodium glutamate contains 78.2% glutamate,
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12.2% sodium, and 9.6% water.
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Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods,
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including food such as meat and cheese.
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It is widely known that Chinese and Japanese food contains MSG,
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but many people don't seem to be aware that it is also used in foods in other parts of the world.
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For example, it is found in commercially made Italian pizzas, in American fast food, and in Britain,
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MSG is used in things like potato crisps.
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So how exactly does MSG work?
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Well, in the Western world, we commonly talk of four tastes, and I'm sure you're all familiar with the concepts of sweet,
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sour, bitter, and salt.
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Well, in 1908, Kikunae Ikeda identified a fifth taste,
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and it is thought that MSG intensifies this naturally occurring taste in some food.
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It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect
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or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.
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John Prescott, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, suggests that this fifth taste serves a purpose just as the other tastes do.
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He suggests that it signals to us the presence of protein in food,
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in the same way that sweetness indicates that a food contains energy-giving carbohydrates.
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Bitterness, he says, alerts us to toxins in the food, while sourness warns us of spoilage,
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and saltiness signals the presence of minerals.
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So, what else do we know about this fifth tape?
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Thank you.

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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección

Este vídeo tiene 40 frases y 486 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:21. El hablante habla despacio, unas 91 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.

Vocabulario clave de este vídeo

15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:

PalabraPronunciaciónSignificado
commonly adverbio/ˈkɑmənli/comúnmente
flavor sustantivo/ˈfleɪvə/sabor, gusto
naturally adverbio/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/naturalmente, a natura
acid sustantivo/ˈæsɪd/ácido
discover verbo/dɪˈskʌvə/descubrir
lecture sustantivo/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/aleccionamiento, lectivo
amino sustantivo/əˈminoʊ/amino
commercially adverbiocomercialmente
meal sustantivo/ˈmiːl/comida, pitanza
occur verbo/əˈkɜː/ocurrir
carefully adverbio/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/cuidadosamente
pizza sustantivo/ˈpi.tsə/pizza
associate sustantivo/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/asociado
indicate verbo/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/indicar
alert adjetivo/əˈlɝt/alerta, vigilante

Gramática en este vídeo

Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:

EstructuraEn el vídeo
Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hacewas actually discovered · was produced · was improved
Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosaenhancer which is · kombu, which was · acid which is

Pronunciación a tener en cuenta

El hablante usa 5 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'm, don't, wasn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.

  • Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/
  • Palabras largas — cuida el acento: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

Cómo practicar con este vídeo

  1. Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
  2. Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
  3. Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como commonly, flavor, naturally.

¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?

Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.

Técnica de shadowing: lee la guía completa paso a paso →