Shadowing Practice: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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1
Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about a chemical substance called monosodium glutamate.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about monosodium glutamate, or MSG as it's more commonly known.
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Now, MSG, as you probably know, is a flavor enhancer which is used particularly in Chinese and Japanese cooking.
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Today, I am going to explore why it is so popular in these cuisines,
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and more importantly, How does it enhance the flavor of food?
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The main reason why MSG is more commonly used in Japanese meals is tradition.
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For many thousands of years, the Japanese have incorporated a type of seaweed known as kombu in their cooking,
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as they discovered it had the ability to make food taste better.
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But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu, which was responsible for the improvement in flavor,
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was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.
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From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.
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It was in 1956 that the speed of the process was improved
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and industrial production increased dramatically and still continues to increase to this day.
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In fact, hundreds of thousands of tons of MSG are produced all over the world today.
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So what exactly is MSG?
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Well, monosodium glutamate contains 78.2% glutamate,
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12.2% sodium, and 9.6% water.
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Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods,
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including food such as meat and cheese.
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It is widely known that Chinese and Japanese food contains MSG,
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but many people don't seem to be aware that it is also used in foods in other parts of the world.
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For example, it is found in commercially made Italian pizzas, in American fast food, and in Britain,
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MSG is used in things like potato crisps.
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So how exactly does MSG work?
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Well, in the Western world, we commonly talk of four tastes, and I'm sure you're all familiar with the concepts of sweet,
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sour, bitter, and salt.
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Well, in 1908, Kikunae Ikeda identified a fifth taste,
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and it is thought that MSG intensifies this naturally occurring taste in some food.
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It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect
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or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.
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John Prescott, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, suggests that this fifth taste serves a purpose just as the other tastes do.
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He suggests that it signals to us the presence of protein in food,
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in the same way that sweetness indicates that a food contains energy-giving carbohydrates.
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Bitterness, he says, alerts us to toxins in the food, while sourness warns us of spoilage,
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and saltiness signals the presence of minerals.
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So, what else do we know about this fifth tape?
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Thank you.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 40 cümle ve 486 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 5:21 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 91 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodan öğrenmeye değer 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
commonly zarf/ˈkɑmənli/sık sık, sıkça
flavor isim/ˈfleɪvə/çeşni
acid isim/ˈæsɪd/asit
discover fiil/dɪˈskʌvə/keşfetmek
lecture isim/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/konferans, ders
commercially zarfticari olarak
meal isim/ˈmiːl/yemek, aş
occur fiil/əˈkɜː/olmak
carefully zarf/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/dikkatlice, itinayla
pizza isim/ˈpi.tsə/pizza
associate isim/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/iştirakçi, ortak
indicate fiil/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/belirtmek, göstermek
alert sıfat/əˈlɝt/uyanık
explore fiil/ɪkˈsploɹ/araştırmak
ton isim/tʌn/ton

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliwas actually discovered · was produced · was improved
İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgienhancer which is · kombu, which was · acid which is

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı I'm, don't, wasn't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; commonly, flavor, acid gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →