Shadowing Practice: Vol 1 - test 8 - section 4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
1
Part 4.
2
You will hear part of a presentation about the early history of salt.
3
First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
4
Thank you.
5
Now, listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
6
In my presentation, I'm going to talk about salt.
7
In modern times, when we talk about salt, people may associate it with high blood pressure or increased heart risk,
8
and many health experts warn that we should use less salt in our meals and dishes.
9
However, we should not ignore its importance in our cuisine and even in early human history.
10
Salt is one of the oldest, most ubiquitous food seasonings.
11
The taste of salt is one of the basic human tastes.
12
More importantly, salt plays an indispensable role in the health of human beings.
13
For example, it regulates the body's acid-base balance.
14
Because of its importance to survival, salt has often been considered a valuable commodity during human history.
15
This can be tracked all the way back to ancient Greece, ancient Egypt and ancient Rome,
16
when salt was highly valued and used as a method of trade and currency.
17
In ancient Rome, the busiest road leading to the city was the via salaria, which means the salt root in English.
18
A soldier's pay, which partly consisted of salt, was known as salarium argentum in Latin, from which we derived the English word salary.
19
A soldier's salary was cut if he was not worth his salt, an expression still used today.
20
In fact, salt was not only the first condiment discovered, but also the first preservative.
21
We know today that food goes bad because microorganisms in the food multiply in abundance,
22
and a high salt environment is not conducive to microbial reproduction.
23
Extremely high concentrations of salt can even kill microorganisms in the food.
24
The ancients certainly didn't know this, but they did know that salted food can be preserved for a long time.
25
The use of salt as a preservative can be traced to ancient Sweden.
26
At first, hunting was the principal means of livelihood.
27
In this case, meat supplies were unlikely to be frequent.
28
What's more, fewer animals were available for hunting.
29
In order to ensure the supply of meat, many families in Sweden began to raise animals in the surrounding forests during the summer,
30
when the weather was suitable for animals to survive.
31
These animals were fed every day until about three to four months later.
32
That's in October, they were ready to be butchered for meat, and that was the only month when ancient Swedish people had fresh meat on their table.
33
Then, with the continuous increase in productivity, people finally had some meat left.
34
However, how to store the meat had become a headache until someone invented a whole new way to preserve food, salting.
35
People tried to keep meat from going bad by adding some salt to it, and it could be preserved for several months and even years.
36
There was evidence that salt was widely used to preserve meat.
37
Historical documents in 1573 recorded the Swedish king's everyday meals,
38
mentioning that 175 pounds of meat was consumed each year, but over 150 pounds was salty.
39
From this, we can clearly see the importance of salt in Sweden at that time.
40
In addition, the documents also noted the annual sales of beer in Sweden soared during that period,
41
and this must be related to high levels of salt in their food.
42
Now, let's turn to the sources of salt.
43
Where is salt from?
44
Well, salt is common in nature.
45
It has long been found that salt can be extracted from seawater, mineral deposits, saline lakes, brine,
46
spring, etc., among which the two most important ones are oceans and basins.
47
On the floor of the latter often lie deserts where traces of salt can be found, such as the Sahara.
48
Furthermore, the quality of different salt types varies a lot.
49
For example, salt from seawater is always mixed with impurities, so after the salt is dried,
50
the sediments and other chemicals need to be purified before eating.
51
However, this is not the case with salt from spring water.
52
We can hardly find any impurities and the salt level is much more concentrated.
53
Then, how did people distribute salt around the world?
54
Of course, in modern times we have various ways of transporting goods, but in ancient times it was not the case.
55
Take ancient Sweden we mentioned before as an example.
56
Because of the heavy use of salt in the diet, Sweden could not feed itself and had to import large amounts of salt from other countries.
57
In order to make sure they could buy enough salt from abroad, the Swedish had to attach great importance to shipping and keep it undamaged,
58
as it was the most crucial way at that time.
59
While in other ancient countries, in order to distribute salt to other places, groups of men were employed.
60
They put bags of salt on their shoulders or backs and moved them to the surrounding regions, and gradually these people were considered as a mode of transport in early times.
61
Later, with the improvement of traffic conditions, salt trade between different regions was boosted, and long-distance food trade was also promoted,
62
making communication between different cultures more frequent and...
63
That is the end of part four.
64
You now have one minute to check your questions.
📺 Aynı Kanal
B22
Vol 1 - test 2 - section 3
IELTS PrepUniversity Students
B24
Vol 3 - test 6 - section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Vol 1 - test 3 - section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
Vol 5 - test 3 - section 2
Travel EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Vol 2 - test 4 - section 4
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Vol 2 - test 2 - section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
Vol 3 - test 6 - section 2
TOEIC PrepBusiness EnglishWorking Adults
B21
Vol 3 - test 10 - section 3
IELTS PrepUniversity Students
B22
Vol 3 - test 4 - section 3
IELTS PrepUniversity Students
B21
Vol 2 - test 5 - section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepHigh School Students
B22
Vol 3 - test 5 - section 4
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Vol 3 - test 4 - section 2
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
Vol 5 - test 1 - section 2
Business EnglishInterview EnglishWorking Adults
C12
Vol 1 - test 10 - section 4
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
Vol 3 - test 1 - section 4
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C15
Vol 3 - test 2 - section 4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B24
Vol 3 - test 8 - section 4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepInterview English
B23
Vol 3 - test 10 - section 4
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B13
Vol 1 - test 1 - section 1
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
Vol 2 - test 3 - section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepCambridge Exam Prep
✨ Video Öner
B23
70 cümleler
Thor Heyerdahl very | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
72 cümleler
How Is Salt Made? The Process Behind Salt Production
University StudentsWorking Adults
C12
40 cümleler
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4
IELTS PrepUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
62 cümleler
IELTS listening actual test Part 4: The preservation of fossils (answer+ transcript)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
36 cümleler
Luyện tư duy qua đề thi mẫu hskk " Thời đại thức ăn nhanh "
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
51 cümleler
Cam 17 Listening Test 1 Part 4: Labyrinths (transcript, key, dịch tiếng Việt)
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
127 cümleler
NEWS: Cooking Began 600,000 Years Earlier than we Thought
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B22
96 cümleler
how?!@
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepBusiness English
B21
86 cümleler
What is the topic of the research?: IELTS LISTENING Vol 5 Test 8 Section 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B23
59 cümleler
Speaking P3 audio 1
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepDaily Conversation
C110
37 cümleler
Unit 1 Louis Pasteur Learn English via Listening Level 3
IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
B21
42 cümleler
Collection 1 Test 3 past 4
TOEFL PrepBusiness EnglishUniversity Students
Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Vol 1 - test 8 - section 4” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: salt, ancient, meat, Sweden, importance. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 64 cümle ve 893 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 6:55 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 129 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %84’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| preserve fiil | /pɹəˈzɝv/ | korumak, muhafaza etmek |
| impurity isim | /ɪmˈpjɝɪti/ | katışıklık, safsızlık |
| microorganism isim | /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/ | mikroorganizma |
| preservative isim | /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/ | koruyucu |
| seawater isim | deniz suyu | |
| distribute fiil | /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ | dağıtmak, paylaştırmak |
| trace isim | /tɹeɪs/ | bulmak, iz sürmek |
| condiment isim | /ˈkɑn.də.mənt/ | çeşni, baharat |
| indispensable sıfat | /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/ | elzem, zaruri |
| microbial sıfat | /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/ | mikrobik, mikrobic |
| multiply fiil | /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ | çarpmak |
| purify fiil | /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ/ | arınmak |
| saline sıfat | /ˈseɪ.laɪn/ | tuzlu |
| seasoning isim | baharat | |
| ubiquitous sıfat | /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/ | aynı zamanda her yerde bulunan, hâzır ve nâzır |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/, preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/, indispensable /ˌɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/, microbial /maɪˈkɹəʊ.bi.əl/, ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: ubiquitous /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/, cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/, warn /woɹn/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/, preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/, trace /tɹeɪs/, purify /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ/, cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, extract /ˈɛkstɹækt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; preserve, impurity, microorganism gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.