Shadowing Practice: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) With Answers | IELTS LISTENING SECTION-4 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about a chemical substance called monosodium glutamate.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about monosodium glutamate, or MSG as it's more commonly known.
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Now, MSG, as you probably know, is a flavor enhancer which is used particularly in Chinese and Japanese cooking.
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Today, I am going to explore why it is so popular in these cuisines,
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and more importantly, How does it enhance the flavor of food?
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The main reason why MSG is more commonly used in Japanese meals is tradition.
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For many thousands of years, the Japanese have incorporated a type of seaweed known as kombu in their cooking,
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as they discovered it had the ability to make food taste better.
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But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu, which was responsible for the improvement in flavor,
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was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.
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From 1908 until 1956, glutamate was produced commercially in Japan by a very slow and expensive means of extraction.
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It was in 1956 that the speed of the process was improved
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and industrial production increased dramatically and still continues to increase to this day.
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In fact, hundreds of thousands of tons of MSG are produced all over the world today.
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So what exactly is MSG?
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Well, monosodium glutamate contains 78.2% glutamate,
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12.2% sodium, and 9.6% water.
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Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods,
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including food such as meat and cheese.
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It is widely known that Chinese and Japanese food contains MSG,
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but many people don't seem to be aware that it is also used in foods in other parts of the world.
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For example, it is found in commercially made Italian pizzas, in American fast food, and in Britain,
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MSG is used in things like potato crisps.
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So how exactly does MSG work?
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Well, in the Western world, we commonly talk of four tastes, and I'm sure you're all familiar with the concepts of sweet,
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sour, bitter, and salt.
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Well, in 1908, Kikunae Ikeda identified a fifth taste,
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and it is thought that MSG intensifies this naturally occurring taste in some food.
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It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect
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or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.
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John Prescott, an associate professor at the University of Chicago, suggests that this fifth taste serves a purpose just as the other tastes do.
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He suggests that it signals to us the presence of protein in food,
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in the same way that sweetness indicates that a food contains energy-giving carbohydrates.
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Bitterness, he says, alerts us to toxins in the food, while sourness warns us of spoilage,
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and saltiness signals the presence of minerals.
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So, what else do we know about this fifth tape?
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Thank you.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze video bevat 40 zinnen en 486 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:21. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 91 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
flavor zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈfleɪvə/meug, smaak
naturally bijwoord/ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/natuurlijk
acid zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈæsɪd/zuur
discover werkwoord/dɪˈskʌvə/ontdekken
lecture zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/lezing, college
meal zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈmiːl/maaltijd
occur werkwoord/əˈkɜː/plaatsvinden
carefully bijwoord/ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/voorzichtig
pizza zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈpi.tsə/pizza
indicate werkwoord/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/aanwijzen, aanduiden
alert bijvoeglijk naamwoord/əˈlɝt/alert, waakzaam
explore werkwoord/ɪkˈsploɹ/onderzoeken, bestuderen
ton zelfstandig naamwoord/tʌn/ton
substance zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈsʌbstəns/substantie
bitter bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ˈbɪ.tɚ/bitter

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetwas actually discovered · was produced · was improved
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of dingenhancer which is · kombu, which was · acid which is

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 5 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, don't, wasn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

  • De klanken “sh” en “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/, incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als flavor, naturally, acid.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →