쉐도잉 연습: High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis made easy. - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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High resolution melting
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or HRM is a very sensitive method to detect sequence variation
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in different samples up to a resolution of a single base pair without the need of sequencing.
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Here you see a wild type of DNA or a PCR product.
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After mutation you may get a homozygous mutant in
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which both the alleles are mutated or a heterozygous mutant in which a single allele is mutated.
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Now you want to check if mutation is there or not.
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HRM is based upon the principle of DNA dissociation with increase in temperature followed by detection by a fluorescent dye.
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The DNA denituration is based on the GC content.
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Higher the GC content, stronger will be the DNA bonds and higher will be the melting temperature to dissociate the two strands.
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In HRM, the detection is assisted by specific binding of a saturating fluorescent dye to the double-stranded DNA
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and measuring its fluorescence in real time on increasing the temperature gradually.
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For HRM, you need to PCR amplify your target gene locus to obtain a specific amplicon.
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Smaller the size of amplicon, better the results will be.
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Then you add a saturating fluorescent dye
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that binds to the dna only in the double stranded form
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then you proceed for hrm analysis in a real time machine here you gradually increase the temperature
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and fluorescence is measured simultaneously the plot shows fluorescence in the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis
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3 different curves are obtained for wild, homozygous and heterozygous mutant.
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Here you see as homozygous mutant had a GC mutation as seen in the previous slide its TM is higher.
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So the curve shifts towards the right.
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Heterozygous mutant on the other hand have a mutation in only one strand.
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So it has a base mismatch and hence the TM is reduced and the curve shifts towards the left.
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method is so sensitive that it detects the variation in the melting temperature up to 0.2 degree Celsius.
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HRM being a simple, economic, rapid and precise method of DNA variant detection, it can be used for mutant identification,
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SNP genotyping, DNA methylation by bisulfide sequencing, DNA fingerprinting and so on.
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This video has been made on a special request by Ms. Sahily Russell.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 27개와 단어 373개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 2:30입니다. 화자는 분당 약 149단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 66%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
mutation 명사/mjuˈteɪʃən/변형, 변이
sequence 명사/ˈsiː.kwəns/순서
curve 명사/kɚv/곡선
detection 명사/dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/탐지, 수색
melt 동사/mɛlt/녹다, 녹이다
sensitive 형용사/ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/민감하다
obtain 동사/əbˈteɪn/얻다, 획득하다
gradually 부사/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/점점, 점차
variation 명사/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/변화
detect 동사/dɪˈtɛkt/찾다, 탐지하다
axis 명사/ˈæksɪs/축
assist 동사/əˈsɪst/돕다
rapid 형용사/ˈɹæp.ɪd/빠르다
gene 명사/d͡ʒiːn/유전자
principle 명사/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/원리, 원칙

주의할 발음

  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/, homozygous /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəs/, dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, dissociation /dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, mutation, sequence, curve 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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