تدريب Shadowing: High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis made easy. - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو

جارٍ إنشاء الدرس...
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High resolution melting
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or HRM is a very sensitive method to detect sequence variation
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in different samples up to a resolution of a single base pair without the need of sequencing.
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Here you see a wild type of DNA or a PCR product.
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After mutation you may get a homozygous mutant in
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which both the alleles are mutated or a heterozygous mutant in which a single allele is mutated.
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Now you want to check if mutation is there or not.
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HRM is based upon the principle of DNA dissociation with increase in temperature followed by detection by a fluorescent dye.
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The DNA denituration is based on the GC content.
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Higher the GC content, stronger will be the DNA bonds and higher will be the melting temperature to dissociate the two strands.
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In HRM, the detection is assisted by specific binding of a saturating fluorescent dye to the double-stranded DNA
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and measuring its fluorescence in real time on increasing the temperature gradually.
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For HRM, you need to PCR amplify your target gene locus to obtain a specific amplicon.
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Smaller the size of amplicon, better the results will be.
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Then you add a saturating fluorescent dye
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that binds to the dna only in the double stranded form
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then you proceed for hrm analysis in a real time machine here you gradually increase the temperature
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and fluorescence is measured simultaneously the plot shows fluorescence in the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis
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3 different curves are obtained for wild, homozygous and heterozygous mutant.
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Here you see as homozygous mutant had a GC mutation as seen in the previous slide its TM is higher.
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So the curve shifts towards the right.
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Heterozygous mutant on the other hand have a mutation in only one strand.
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So it has a base mismatch and hence the TM is reduced and the curve shifts towards the left.
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method is so sensitive that it detects the variation in the melting temperature up to 0.2 degree Celsius.
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HRM being a simple, economic, rapid and precise method of DNA variant detection, it can be used for mutant identification,
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SNP genotyping, DNA methylation by bisulfide sequencing, DNA fingerprinting and so on.
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This video has been made on a special request by Ms. Sahily Russell.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس

يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 27 جملة و373 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 2:30. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 149 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 66% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.

أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو

15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:

الكلمةالنطقالمعنى
mutation اسم/mjuˈteɪʃən/طَفْرَة
curve اسم/kɚv/منحنى
melt فعل/mɛlt/ذَابَ, انْصَهَرَ
sensitive صفة/ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ذُو إِحْسَاس
obtain فعل/əbˈteɪn/حَصَلَ
gradually ظرف/ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/شَيْئاً فَشَيْئاً, خُطْوةً فَخُطْوةً
variation اسم/ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/تَرَاوُح, اِخْتِلَاف
detect فعل/dɪˈtɛkt/كَشَفَ
axis اسم/ˈæksɪs/مِحْوَر
rapid صفة/ˈɹæp.ɪd/سَرِيع
gene اسم/d͡ʒiːn/مُوَرِّثَة, جِين
principle اسم/ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/مَبْدَأ, قاعِدَة
slide اسم/ˈslaɪ̯d/زَحْلِيقَة, مَزْلَقَة
proceed فعل/pɹəˈsid/اِنْطَلَقَ
simultaneously ظرف/ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/فِي وَقْت وَاحِد, مَعًا

نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه

  • أصوات “sh” و“zh”: mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
  • الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/, homozygous /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəs/, dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/, dissociation /dɪˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/

كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو

  1. استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
  2. ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
  3. سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل mutation, curve, melt.

ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟

التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.

تقنية الشادوينغ: اقرأ الدليل الكامل خطوة بخطوة →