쉐도잉 연습: RELATIVE CLAUSES in 4 Steps - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

레슨 만드는 중...
1
Hey, can you tell me about relative clauses?
2
Sure.
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First, do you know what clauses are?
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Mmm, not really.
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Basically, if you put a bunch of words together and it sounds like a sentence on its own, then it's a clause.
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So, is a clause and a sentence the same thing?
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A clause by itself can be a sentence, but you can also put two or more clauses together in one large sentence.
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In fact, one way to do that is with relative clauses.
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Okay.
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Why is it called a relative clause?
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Because one clause is related to the other.
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Kind of like in a family?
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Yeah.
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You and your cousin have grandparents in common, so you are related to your cousin.
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In the same way, a relative clause has a word or phrase in common with the main clause of its sentence.
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Okay.
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Can you give me an example?
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How about this sentence?
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I've got tickets to see Vanessa Jones who sings like an angel.
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We've got two clauses here.
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What's the first one?
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones.
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And who sings like an angel is the other clause.
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Both clauses talk about Vanessa Jones, so they have that in common.
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But who sings like an angel can't be a sentence by itself.
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Well, I guess it could be if it was a question.
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Right, that's a good point.
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Who is a pronoun, kind of like we or him or this.
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Who is a relative pronoun, which we use for questions and for...
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Relative clauses?
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Right.
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What are the common question words?
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Who, what, where, and when.
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Good.
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Quick note, for relative clauses, we need to change what to which.
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Okay, but what What about this clause?
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Like I said, who is a pronoun, so let's replace it with another pronoun for the singer.
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She sings like an angel.
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Yeah, that could be a sentence by itself.
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Or we could replace the pronouns with the noun they represent.
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Vanessa Jones sings like an angel.
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So we have two good clauses here, each in their own sentence.
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones.
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Vanessa Jones sings like an angel.
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Or we could put them together into one sentence.
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones, who sings like an angel.
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Let's take a look at how we put these classes together.
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We'll use a different pair.
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We watched Toy Story at Dave's house last night.
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Toy Story was the first Pixar film.
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Are these two sentences related?
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Yeah, they're both talking about Toy Story.
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Right.
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Our first step in putting the classes together is to find out the noun they have in common.
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Let's call it star instead of the noun that both clauses have in common every time.
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Works for me.
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The next step is to decide which is your main clause and which is your relative clause.
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So how do we do that?
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Sometimes it doesn't really matter.
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But often the main clause should fit better with the context.
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Are we talking about what you did last night or are we talking about Pixar?
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Oh, okay.
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I see.
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So the relative clause is less important than the main clause?
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Kinda.
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The relative clause usually gives us more information about something in the main clause.
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Okay, that makes sense.
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But sometimes the sentence sounds better or worse depending on which clause is relative.
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Why don't we try both ways and see how they sound?
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Alright.
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So let's say, Toy Story was the first Pixar film, is our relative clause this time.
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Alright.
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Put it after star in the main clause.
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But Toy Story is in the middle of the sentence.
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If we put the relative clause there, it's inside the main clause.
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That's fine.
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Think of it like a sandwich.
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Okay.
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The third step is to remove star from the relative clause.
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We just take it out?
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We'll replace it with a relative pronoun.
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That's step four.
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What's the best pronoun for star?
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Toy Story is a movie, and we should use which for things like that.
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Good.
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Place it at the beginning of the green clause.
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And that's all?
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Yeah.
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What's our final sentence?
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We watched Toy Story, which was the first Pixar film, at Dave's house last night.
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I noticed that you paused before and after the relative clause, which is good.
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When we write them down, we put commas in those places.
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Gotcha.
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Now, let's go back to step two, and we'll make the opposite choice.
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The top clause is the relative one now.
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What do we do with it?
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Put it after Toy Story in the bottom clause, but before was the first Pixar film.
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Right.
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Now we remove star from the green clause, and then we add who, which, where, or when.
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We add which, just like last time.
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And put it before we watched?
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That's right.
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And we're done.
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Toy Story, which we watched at Dave's house last night, was the first Pixar film.
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Both sentences sounded good, I think.
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Yeah, I think so too.
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So I guess it depends on the context this time.
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Right.
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But if it doesn't sound correct for some other clauses you're working on, try changing which clause is the relative one.
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Gotcha.
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What happens if I put the relative clause in the wrong spot?
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Then we get a misplaced modifier, which means you're giving information about the wrong thing.
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Let's try this example.
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My friend Greg has a pet rabbit who is six feet tall.
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The relative clause should come just after star or what the two clauses have in common.
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So here it looks like both clauses are talking about the rabbit.
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The rabbit is six feet tall?
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Does that sound right to you?
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No. No. Then who is six feet tall?
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My friend Greg.
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Ah.
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Then let's say my friend Greg, who is 6 feet tall, has a pet rabbit.
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Ugh, but it's not as funny that way.
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Hmm, true.
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Anything else I should know?
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Yeah, there's another relative pronoun, which we use with possessives.
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If we're talking about Steve in the main clause, but Steve's hat in the relative clause, we say whose hat.
128
Okay, that makes sense.
129
One more thing.
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We've talked about the common link between the clauses being nouns, but they can also be verb phrases.
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Hmm, like what?
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Take this example.
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Penny always picks her nose, which is really gross.
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Ew, that is so gross.
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Yeah, well, you know, she's five years old, so.
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Anyway, what does witch refer to?
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Her nose?
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Is her nose really gross?
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No. Well, I don't know.
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I I haven't seen her nose.
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Heh, then what is probably really gross?
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Picking her nose!
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Yeah.
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It's not just one thing, it's the whole situation.
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Okay.
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So, when a relative clause refers to a situation, we use which as the pronoun?
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Usually.
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Gotcha.
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So, when do we use relative clauses?
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Whenever you want to put thoughts together in one sentence.
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Oh right.
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But like you said before, the relative clause usually gives us more information about something in the main clause.
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Right.
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Relative clauses let you express all that at once.
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Cool.
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Another reason is to change the flow of the paragraph or of your speech or whatever.
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If you have a bunch of short sentences, it sounds very choppy.
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I see.
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There's a lot of starting and stopping.
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Right.
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So it helps to put some of the sentences together.
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This can give you some variation in the rhythm.
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And when your words flow together more, you sound more natural.
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Right, exactly.
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So when you want to write or sound smoother, consider using relative clauses.
166
Definitely will.
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이 영상에서 배울 실용적인 회화 기술

이 영상은 관계절(relative clauses)을 4단계로 쉽게 설명하며, 영어 회화 연습에 필수적인 두 가지 기술을 키웁니다. 첫째, 두 문장을 하나로 합치는 방법을 배워 긴 문장도 자연스럽게 말할 수 있습니다. 둘째, 관계대명사(who, which, where 등)를 정확히 사용해 의미를 명확히 전달하는 능력을 기릅니다. 이는 IELTS 스피킹에서 높은 점수를 받기 위해 꼭 필요한 기술이죠.

듣고 주목해야 할 발음 특징

대화에서 연결 발음(connected speech)이 자주 등장합니다. 예를 들어 "got tickets"는 [갓티켓스]가 아니라 [가티켓스]처럼 연결돼 발음되고, "Vanessa Jones who"는 [바네사 존스후]로 묶여 나옵니다. 또한 "kind of like"에서 "of"는 [어프]가 아니라 [어브]로 축약( reduction)돼 발음됩니다. 이러한 발음 패턴을 파악하면 영어 발음 교정에 큰 도움이 됩니다.

원어민처럼 말하는 방법: 리듬과 강세

원어민처럼 말하려면 리듬과 강세를 따라야 합니다. 영어는 강세가 있는 언어로, 중요한 단어에 강세를 주고, 덜 중요한 단어는 약하게 발음합니다. 예를 들어 "I've got tickets to see Vanessa Jones who sings like an angel"에서 "tickets", "Vanessa Jones", "sings", "angel"에 강세를 주고, "I've", "got", "to", "see", "who", "like"는 약하게 발음합니다. shadowing site에서 이 대화를 따라하며 연습할 때는 리듬을 따라가는 것을 우선으로 하세요. shadowspeak 방법을 사용해 반복적으로 따라하면 자연스러운 리듬을 익힐 수 있습니다. 또한 문장의 끝부분에서 올라가는 억양(intonation)을 주의깊게 살펴보세요. 질문이 아닌 문장에서도 관계절이 끝날 때 약간의 올라감이 있으면 더 자연스러워 보입니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보decide which is · Story, which was · clause, which is
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때We've talked · haven't seen
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점is related · are related
“should” 조언 should + 동사 — 하는 것이 좋은 일을 말할 때should fit · should use · should come

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →