Pratica di Shadowing: RELATIVE CLAUSES in 4 Steps - Impara a parlare inglese con i video

Creazione lezione...
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Hey, can you tell me about relative clauses?
2
Sure.
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First, do you know what clauses are?
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Mmm, not really.
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Basically, if you put a bunch of words together and it sounds like a sentence on its own, then it's a clause.
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So, is a clause and a sentence the same thing?
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A clause by itself can be a sentence, but you can also put two or more clauses together in one large sentence.
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In fact, one way to do that is with relative clauses.
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Okay.
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Why is it called a relative clause?
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Because one clause is related to the other.
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Kind of like in a family?
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Yeah.
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You and your cousin have grandparents in common, so you are related to your cousin.
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In the same way, a relative clause has a word or phrase in common with the main clause of its sentence.
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Okay.
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Can you give me an example?
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How about this sentence?
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I've got tickets to see Vanessa Jones who sings like an angel.
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We've got two clauses here.
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What's the first one?
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones.
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And who sings like an angel is the other clause.
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Both clauses talk about Vanessa Jones, so they have that in common.
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But who sings like an angel can't be a sentence by itself.
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Well, I guess it could be if it was a question.
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Right, that's a good point.
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Who is a pronoun, kind of like we or him or this.
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Who is a relative pronoun, which we use for questions and for...
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Relative clauses?
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Right.
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What are the common question words?
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Who, what, where, and when.
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Good.
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Quick note, for relative clauses, we need to change what to which.
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Okay, but what What about this clause?
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Like I said, who is a pronoun, so let's replace it with another pronoun for the singer.
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She sings like an angel.
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Yeah, that could be a sentence by itself.
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Or we could replace the pronouns with the noun they represent.
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Vanessa Jones sings like an angel.
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So we have two good clauses here, each in their own sentence.
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones.
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Vanessa Jones sings like an angel.
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Or we could put them together into one sentence.
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I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones, who sings like an angel.
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Let's take a look at how we put these classes together.
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We'll use a different pair.
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We watched Toy Story at Dave's house last night.
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Toy Story was the first Pixar film.
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Are these two sentences related?
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Yeah, they're both talking about Toy Story.
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Right.
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Our first step in putting the classes together is to find out the noun they have in common.
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Let's call it star instead of the noun that both clauses have in common every time.
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Works for me.
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The next step is to decide which is your main clause and which is your relative clause.
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So how do we do that?
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Sometimes it doesn't really matter.
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But often the main clause should fit better with the context.
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Are we talking about what you did last night or are we talking about Pixar?
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Oh, okay.
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I see.
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So the relative clause is less important than the main clause?
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Kinda.
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The relative clause usually gives us more information about something in the main clause.
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Okay, that makes sense.
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But sometimes the sentence sounds better or worse depending on which clause is relative.
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Why don't we try both ways and see how they sound?
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Alright.
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So let's say, Toy Story was the first Pixar film, is our relative clause this time.
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Alright.
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Put it after star in the main clause.
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But Toy Story is in the middle of the sentence.
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If we put the relative clause there, it's inside the main clause.
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That's fine.
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Think of it like a sandwich.
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Okay.
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The third step is to remove star from the relative clause.
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We just take it out?
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We'll replace it with a relative pronoun.
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That's step four.
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What's the best pronoun for star?
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Toy Story is a movie, and we should use which for things like that.
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Good.
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Place it at the beginning of the green clause.
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And that's all?
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Yeah.
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What's our final sentence?
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We watched Toy Story, which was the first Pixar film, at Dave's house last night.
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I noticed that you paused before and after the relative clause, which is good.
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When we write them down, we put commas in those places.
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Gotcha.
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Now, let's go back to step two, and we'll make the opposite choice.
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The top clause is the relative one now.
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What do we do with it?
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Put it after Toy Story in the bottom clause, but before was the first Pixar film.
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Right.
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Now we remove star from the green clause, and then we add who, which, where, or when.
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We add which, just like last time.
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And put it before we watched?
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That's right.
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And we're done.
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Toy Story, which we watched at Dave's house last night, was the first Pixar film.
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Both sentences sounded good, I think.
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Yeah, I think so too.
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So I guess it depends on the context this time.
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Right.
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But if it doesn't sound correct for some other clauses you're working on, try changing which clause is the relative one.
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Gotcha.
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What happens if I put the relative clause in the wrong spot?
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Then we get a misplaced modifier, which means you're giving information about the wrong thing.
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Let's try this example.
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My friend Greg has a pet rabbit who is six feet tall.
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The relative clause should come just after star or what the two clauses have in common.
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So here it looks like both clauses are talking about the rabbit.
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The rabbit is six feet tall?
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Does that sound right to you?
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No. No. Then who is six feet tall?
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My friend Greg.
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Ah.
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Then let's say my friend Greg, who is 6 feet tall, has a pet rabbit.
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Ugh, but it's not as funny that way.
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Hmm, true.
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Anything else I should know?
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Yeah, there's another relative pronoun, which we use with possessives.
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If we're talking about Steve in the main clause, but Steve's hat in the relative clause, we say whose hat.
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Okay, that makes sense.
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One more thing.
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We've talked about the common link between the clauses being nouns, but they can also be verb phrases.
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Hmm, like what?
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Take this example.
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Penny always picks her nose, which is really gross.
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Ew, that is so gross.
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Yeah, well, you know, she's five years old, so.
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Anyway, what does witch refer to?
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Her nose?
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Is her nose really gross?
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No. Well, I don't know.
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I I haven't seen her nose.
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Heh, then what is probably really gross?
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Picking her nose!
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Yeah.
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It's not just one thing, it's the whole situation.
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Okay.
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So, when a relative clause refers to a situation, we use which as the pronoun?
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Usually.
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Gotcha.
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So, when do we use relative clauses?
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Whenever you want to put thoughts together in one sentence.
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Oh right.
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But like you said before, the relative clause usually gives us more information about something in the main clause.
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Right.
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Relative clauses let you express all that at once.
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Cool.
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Another reason is to change the flow of the paragraph or of your speech or whatever.
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If you have a bunch of short sentences, it sounds very choppy.
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I see.
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There's a lot of starting and stopping.
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Right.
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So it helps to put some of the sentences together.
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This can give you some variation in the rhythm.
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And when your words flow together more, you sound more natural.
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Right, exactly.
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So when you want to write or sound smoother, consider using relative clauses.
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Definitely will.
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Per chi è questo video?

Questo video è perfetto per gli studenti di inglese a livello intermedio che vogliono padroneggiare le relative clauses (proposizioni relative) in modo pratico. Ideale per chi vuole migliorare la propria pratica di conversazione in inglese e creare frasi più complesse senza sbagliare la struttura. Se hai difficoltà a connettere due frasi in una sola o a capire quando usare "who", "which" o "where", questo tutorial è la soluzione.

Parole e espressioni da rubare

Nel video, ci sono alcune espressioni utili da aggiungere al tuo vocabolario: "to put together" (unire, combinare), "to have in common" (avere in comune) e "related to" (relativo a). Ad esempio, "Le due frasi hanno in comune il nome Vanessa Jones" diventa "The two clauses have Vanessa Jones in common". Queste espressioni sono fondamentali per spiegare relazioni tra concetti, anche nella conversazione quotidiana.

Come migliorare l'accento con lo shadow speak

Per assimilare bene le relative clauses, usa la tecnica dello shadow speak: ascolta una frase dal video, pausa e ripettala immediatamente, imitando l'intonazione e il ritmo del parlante. Focus su come "who" e "which" sono pronunciati a bassa intensità (non stressati) e come la proposizione relativa si integra fluida nella frase principale. Ad esempio, nella frase "I got tickets to see Vanessa Jones, who sings like an angel", la parola "who" è veloce e connessa a "sings". Ripeti più volte finché non senti che il flusso è naturale. Questa pratica aiuta non solo l'accento, ma anche la capacità di usare le proposizioni relative senza pensarci troppo durante la conversazione.

La grammatica di questo video

Le strutture che chi parla usa di più, con le parole esatte del video:

StrutturaNel video
Frasi relative who / which + frase — un’informazione in più su una persona o una cosadecide which is · Story, which was · clause, which is
Present perfect have/has + participio passato — un’azione passata che conta ancora adessoWe've talked · haven't seen
Forma passiva be + participio passato — conta ciò che accade, non chi lo fais related · are related
Consigli con “should” should + verbo — dire che cosa è meglio fareshould fit · should use · should come

Cos'è la tecnica dello Shadowing?

Shadowing è una tecnica di apprendimento delle lingue supportata da studi scientifici, originariamente sviluppata per la formazione dei traduttori professionisti e resa popolare dal poliglotta Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Il metodo è semplice ma potente: ascolti un audio in inglese di madrelingua e lo ripeti immediatamente ad alta voce — come un'ombra che segue il parlante con un ritardo di solo 1–2 secondi. A differenza dell'ascolto passivo o degli esercizi di grammatica, lo shadowing costringe il tuo cervello e i muscoli della bocca a elaborare e riprodurre simultaneamente i modelli di discorso reale. La ricerca dimostra che migliora significativamente la precisione della pronuncia, l'intonazione, il ritmo, il discorso connesso, la comprensione dell'ascolto e la fluidità del parlato — rendendolo uno dei metodi più efficaci per la preparazione alla prova di speaking dell'IELTS e per la comunicazione reale in inglese.

Tecnica dello shadowing: leggi la guida completa passo dopo passo →