Shadowing Practice: Cambridge IELTS 18 Test 2 Section 4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Part 4 You will hear a student on a fashion design course giving a talk about the history of pockets.
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First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good morning.
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Now, we've been asked to choose an aspect of European clothing or fashion and to talk about its development over time.
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I decided to focus on a rather small area of clothing, and that's pockets.
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I chose pockets for two reasons, really.
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We all have them in jeans, jackets, coats, for example, and even though we often carry bags or briefcases as well,
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nothing is quite as convenient as being able to pop your phone or credit card into your pocket it.
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Yet, I suspect that other than that, people don't really think about pockets too much, and they're rather overlooked as a fashion item.
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It's certainly very interesting to go back in time and see how pockets developed for men and women.
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In the 18th century, fashions were quite different from the way they are now, and pockets were too.
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If we think about male fashion first, that was the time when suits became popular.
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Trousers were knee-length only and referred to as breeches.
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The waistcoats were short and the jackets were long.
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But all three garments were lined with material and pockets were sewn into this cloth by whichever tailor the customer used.
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The wearer could then carry small objects such as pencils
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or coins on their person and reach them through a gap in the lining.
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Coat pockets became increasingly decorative on the outside for men who wanted to look stylish,
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but they were often larger but plainer if the wearer was someone with a profession who needed to carry medical instruments,
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a doctor or physician, for example.
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The development of women's pockets was a little different.
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For one thing, they weren't nearly as visible or as easy to reach as men's.
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In the 18th and 19th centuries, women carried numerous possessions on their person,
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and some of these could be worth a lot of money.
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Women were more vulnerable to theft, and wealthy women, in particular, worried constantly about pickpockets.
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So, what they did was to have a pair of pockets made that were tied together with string.
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The pockets were made of fabric, which might be recycled cloth if the wearer had little money, or something more expensive, such as linen,
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sometimes featuring very delicate embroidery.
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Women tied the pockets around their waist, so that they hung beneath their clothes.
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Remember, skirts were long then, and there was plenty of room to hide a whole range of small possessions between the layers of petticoats
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that were commonly worn.
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They would have an opening in the folds of their skirts, through which they could reach whatever they needed, like their perfume.
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Working women, of course, also needed to carry around items
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that they might use for whatever job or trade they were involved in, but their pairs of pockets still remained on the inside of their clothing.
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They just got bigger or longer, sometimes reaching down to their knees.
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So, the tie-on pockets went well into the nineteenth century,
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and only changed when fashion altered towards the end of that period.
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That's when dresses became tighter and less bulky, and the pairs of pockets became very noticeable.
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They stood out too much and detracted from the woman's image.
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Women who had been used to carrying around a range of personal possessions and still wanted to,
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needed somewhere to carry these items about their person.
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That was when small bags, or pouches as they were known, came into fashion, and of course,
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they inevitably led onto the handbag of more modern times, particularly when fashion removed pockets altogether.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Cambridge IELTS 18 Test 2 Section 4”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: pocket, fashion, carry, became, answer. Deze video bevat 50 zinnen en 670 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:01. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 96 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 81% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| wearer zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈweɹɚ/ | drager, draagster |
| cloth zelfstandig naamwoord | /klɒθ/ | doek, kleed |
| skirt zelfstandig naamwoord | /skɚt/ | rok |
| breeches zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/ | kniebroek |
| briefcase zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbɹiːfˌkeɪs/ | aktetas |
| embroidery zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/ | borduren |
| handbag zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ | handtas |
| pickpocket zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ | zakkenroller, gauwdief |
| recycle werkwoord | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | recycleren, recyclen |
| waistcoat zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/ | vest |
| overlook werkwoord | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ | over het hoofd zien |
| garment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɡɑɹmənt/ | kledingstuk |
| tailor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈteɪlɚ/ | kleermaker, kleermaakster |
| linen zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlɪnɪn/ | linnen, doek |
| stylish bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ | stijlvol |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | we've been asked · were lined · were made |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | men who wanted · Women who had |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 4 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, they're, we've. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theft /θɛft/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: embroidery /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: breeches /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/, handbag /ˈhændˌbæɡ/, trousers /ˈtɹaʊzɚz/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, fold /ˈfəʊld/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: detract /dɪˈtɹækt/, handbag /ˈhændˌbæɡ/, fabric /ˈfæb.ɹɪk/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: handbag /ˈhændˌbæɡ/, garment /ˈɡɑɹmənt/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als wearer, cloth, skirt.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.