Практика Shadowing: Cambridge IELTS 18 Test 2 Section 4 - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Part 4 You will hear a student on a fashion design course giving a talk about the history of pockets.
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First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Good morning.
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Now, we've been asked to choose an aspect of European clothing or fashion and to talk about its development over time.
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I decided to focus on a rather small area of clothing, and that's pockets.
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I chose pockets for two reasons, really.
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We all have them in jeans, jackets, coats, for example, and even though we often carry bags or briefcases as well,
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nothing is quite as convenient as being able to pop your phone or credit card into your pocket it.
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Yet, I suspect that other than that, people don't really think about pockets too much, and they're rather overlooked as a fashion item.
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It's certainly very interesting to go back in time and see how pockets developed for men and women.
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In the 18th century, fashions were quite different from the way they are now, and pockets were too.
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If we think about male fashion first, that was the time when suits became popular.
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Trousers were knee-length only and referred to as breeches.
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The waistcoats were short and the jackets were long.
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But all three garments were lined with material and pockets were sewn into this cloth by whichever tailor the customer used.
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The wearer could then carry small objects such as pencils
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or coins on their person and reach them through a gap in the lining.
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Coat pockets became increasingly decorative on the outside for men who wanted to look stylish,
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but they were often larger but plainer if the wearer was someone with a profession who needed to carry medical instruments,
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a doctor or physician, for example.
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The development of women's pockets was a little different.
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For one thing, they weren't nearly as visible or as easy to reach as men's.
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In the 18th and 19th centuries, women carried numerous possessions on their person,
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and some of these could be worth a lot of money.
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Women were more vulnerable to theft, and wealthy women, in particular, worried constantly about pickpockets.
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So, what they did was to have a pair of pockets made that were tied together with string.
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The pockets were made of fabric, which might be recycled cloth if the wearer had little money, or something more expensive, such as linen,
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sometimes featuring very delicate embroidery.
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Women tied the pockets around their waist, so that they hung beneath their clothes.
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Remember, skirts were long then, and there was plenty of room to hide a whole range of small possessions between the layers of petticoats
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that were commonly worn.
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They would have an opening in the folds of their skirts, through which they could reach whatever they needed, like their perfume.
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Working women, of course, also needed to carry around items
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that they might use for whatever job or trade they were involved in, but their pairs of pockets still remained on the inside of their clothing.
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They just got bigger or longer, sometimes reaching down to their knees.
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So, the tie-on pockets went well into the nineteenth century,
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and only changed when fashion altered towards the end of that period.
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That's when dresses became tighter and less bulky, and the pairs of pockets became very noticeable.
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They stood out too much and detracted from the woman's image.
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Women who had been used to carrying around a range of personal possessions and still wanted to,
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needed somewhere to carry these items about their person.
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That was when small bags, or pouches as they were known, came into fashion, and of course,
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they inevitably led onto the handbag of more modern times, particularly when fashion removed pockets altogether.
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That is the end of part four.
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You now have one minute to check your answers to part four.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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you would now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Cambridge IELTS 18 Test 2 Section 4». Чаще всего повторяются слова: pocket, fashion, carry, became, answer. В этом видео 50 предложений и 670 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:01. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 96 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. Только 81% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| cloth существительное | /klɒθ/ | ткань, мате́рия |
| skirt существительное | /skɚt/ | ю́бка |
| breeches существительное | /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/ | бри́джи, бриджи |
| briefcase существительное | /ˈbɹiːfˌkeɪs/ | портфе́ль, диплома́т |
| detract глагол | /dɪˈtɹækt/ | отнима́ть, вычита́ть |
| embroidery существительное | /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/ | вышива́ние, вы́шивка |
| handbag существительное | /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ | су́мочка, ридикю́ль |
| pickpocket существительное | /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ | карма́нный вор, карма́нник |
| recycle глагол | /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ | рециркули́ровать, перераба́тывать |
| waistcoat существительное | /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/ | жиле́т, безрука́вка |
| overlook глагол | /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ | не заме́тить, просмотре́ть |
| garment существительное | /ˈɡɑɹmənt/ | предме́т одежды, оде́жда |
| tailor существительное | /ˈteɪlɚ/ | портно́й, портни́ха |
| linen существительное | /ˈlɪnɪn/ | полотно́, холст |
| whichever | /wɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/ | какой угодно, что угодно |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | we've been asked · were lined · were made |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | men who wanted · Women who had |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 4 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, they're, we've. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: cloth /klɒθ/, nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/, theft /θɛft/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/, profession /pɹəˈfɛʃ.ən/, physician /fəˈzɪʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: embroidery /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, inevitably /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/, altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: wearer /ˈweɹɚ/, waistcoat /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/, whichever /wɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/, waist /weɪst/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: breeches /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/, handbag /ˈhændˌbæɡ/, trousers /ˈtɹaʊzɚz/, decorative /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, fold /ˈfəʊld/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как cloth, skirt, breeches.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.