Shadowing Practice: Ocean Biodiversity | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4 You will hear part of a student presentation about the variety of different species that live in the world's oceans.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.
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About 20 years ago, biologists developed the idea of what they called biodiversity hotspots.
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These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species.
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So one example is Madagascar.
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These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
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Biologists can identify hotspots on land fairly easily,
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but until recently very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,
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and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.
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Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species
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that he got from the fishing industry.
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Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators, like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.
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The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food,
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but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots.
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The remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard,
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but what he did find was that in all cases the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures,
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even when it was cool at greater depths.
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So this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.
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However, this wasn't enough on its own because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it,
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so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.
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A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Balance, who was working in California,
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also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish.
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What she was interested in was marine mammals, things like seals, and she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots,
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and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents,
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and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.
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So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.
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For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life.
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They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.
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One thing they found there, which stunned other researchers, was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice,
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sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick.
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Some of these species had never been seen before.
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They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.
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And other scientists working on the same project
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but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes,
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attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.
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However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.
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So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land,
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so they consider things like the size of the population, how many members of one species there are in a particular place,
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and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms, although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish because they're so mobile,
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and then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.
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So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000.
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For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.
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Ultimately, they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located, but also where they are most threatened.
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So, finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
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Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.
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We have some, but not enough.
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In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast,
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we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.
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As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.
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And finally, there's the problem of bycatch.
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This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats.
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They're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.
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If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught,
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this problem could be overcome.
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Okay, so does anyone have any questions That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.

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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les

Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Ocean Biodiversity”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: species, ocean, hotspot, fish, biologist. Deze video bevat 60 zinnen en 855 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:38. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 112 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.

Belangrijke woorden in deze video

De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
biologist zelfstandig naamwoord/baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/bioloog, biologe
endangered bijvoeglijk naamwoord/ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/bedreigd
biodiversity zelfstandig naamwoord/ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/biodiversiteit, soortenrijkdom
predator zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/roofdier n roofvis, predator
researcher zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/onderzoeker
assess werkwoord/əˈsɛs/beoordelen, evalueren
bycatch zelfstandig naamwoordbijvangst
mammal zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈmæməl/zoogdier
octopus zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈɑktəpʊs/octopus, inktvis
overfishing zelfstandig naamwoordoverbevissing
nutrient zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/voedingsstof, nutriënt
quota zelfstandig naamwoord/ˈkwəʊ.tə/quotum
metabolic bijvoeglijk naamwoord/mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/metabool
firstly bijwoord/ˈfɜɹstli/ten eerste
volcano zelfstandig naamwoord/vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/vulkaan, vuurberg

Phrasal verbs die je zult horen

WoordUitspraakBetekenis
figure out werkwoorduitvogelen, er achter komen
set up werkwoord/ˌsɛt ˈʌp/bereiden, voorbereiden

Grammatica in deze video

De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:

StructuurIn de video
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — iets dat eerder begon en nog bezig isI've been looking · They've been surveying
Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doetwas known · are endangered · been seen
Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of dingareas which have · oceans which were · people who want
Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog teltThey've even found · have found · have been assessed

Uitspraak om op te letten

De spreker gebruikt 10 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals they're, they've, don't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.

  • De “th”-klanken: leatherback /ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, metabolic /mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/

Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:

  • Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: endangered /ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/, unwanted /ʌnˈwɒntɪd/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
  • /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: leatherback /ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/, mammal /ˈmæməl/, plankton /ˈplæŋ(k).tən/, geographical /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪkl̩/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/
  • /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: congregate /ˈkɒŋɡɹəɡeɪt/, geographical /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪkl̩/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/

Zo oefen je met deze video

  1. Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
  2. Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
  3. Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als biologist, endangered, biodiversity.

Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?

Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.

Shadowing-techniek: lees de volledige stap-voor-stap-gids →