Shadowing Practice: Ocean Biodiversity | IELTS LISTENING TEST | SECTION-4 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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Section 4 You will hear part of a student presentation about the variety of different species that live in the world's oceans.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.
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About 20 years ago, biologists developed the idea of what they called biodiversity hotspots.
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These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species.
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So one example is Madagascar.
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These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
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Biologists can identify hotspots on land fairly easily,
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but until recently very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans,
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and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.
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Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species
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that he got from the fishing industry.
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Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators, like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.
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The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food,
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but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots.
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The remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard,
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but what he did find was that in all cases the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures,
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even when it was cool at greater depths.
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So this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.
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However, this wasn't enough on its own because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it,
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so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.
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A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Balance, who was working in California,
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also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish.
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What she was interested in was marine mammals, things like seals, and she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots,
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and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents,
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and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.
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So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.
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For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life.
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They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.
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One thing they found there, which stunned other researchers, was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice,
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sometimes under a layer up to 20 metres thick.
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Some of these species had never been seen before.
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They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.
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And other scientists working on the same project
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but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes,
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attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.
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However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.
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So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land,
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so they consider things like the size of the population, how many members of one species there are in a particular place,
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and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms, although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish because they're so mobile,
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and then thirdly they calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.
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So far only 1,500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20,000.
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For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.
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Ultimately, they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located, but also where they are most threatened.
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So, finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
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Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.
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We have some, but not enough.
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In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast,
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we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.
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As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.
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And finally, there's the problem of bycatch.
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This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats.
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They're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.
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If these commercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught,
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this problem could be overcome.
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Okay, so does anyone have any questions That is the end of section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.

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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları

Bu B2 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Ocean Biodiversity” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: species, ocean, hotspot, fish, biologist. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 60 cümle ve 855 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 7:38 sürüyor. Konuşmacı dakikada yaklaşık 112 kelimelik dengeli bir hızla konuşuyor; gölgeleme için rahat bir tempo. Kelimelerin %85’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında; geri kalanına başlamadan önce bakmakta fayda var.

Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler

Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:

KelimeTelaffuzAnlam
biologist isim/baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/biyolog, dirim bilimci
locate fiil/ˈloʊˌkeɪt/yerleştirmek
endangered sıfat/ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/nesli tehlikede
predator isim/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/yırtıcı
researcher isim/ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/araştırmacı, araştırıcı
assess fiil/əˈsɛs/değerlendirmek
leatherback isim/ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/deri sırtlı deniz kaplumbağası
mammal isim/ˈmæməl/memeli, memeli hayvan
octopus isim/ˈɑktəpʊs/ahtapot
overfishing isimaşırı avlanma
nutrient isim/ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/besin
quota isim/ˈkwəʊ.tə/kontenjan
firstly zarf/ˈfɜɹstli/ilk, önce
volcano isim/vɑlˈkeɪ.noʊ/yanardağ, volkan
metre isim/ˈmiːtəɹ/metre

Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller

KelimeAnlam
figure out fiilaçığa çıkarmak

Bu videodaki dil bilgisi

Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:

YapıVideoda
Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — önceden başlayıp hâlâ süren bir eylemI've been looking · They've been surveying
Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemliwas known · are endangered · been seen
İlgi cümlecikleri who / which + cümle — bir kişi ya da şey hakkında ek bilgiareas which have · oceans which were · people who want
Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylemThey've even found · have found · have been assessed

Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar

Konuşmacı they're, they've, don't gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 10 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.

  • “th” sesleri: leatherback /ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/
  • Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, metabolic /mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/

Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:

  • /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: quota /ˈkwəʊ.tə/, unwanted /ʌnˈwɒntɪd/, warmth /wɔɹmθ/
  • Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/, plankton /ˈplæŋ(k).tən/, quota /ˈkwəʊ.tə/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
  • /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: leatherback /ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/, mammal /ˈmæməl/, plankton /ˈplæŋ(k).tən/, geographical /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪkl̩/, calculate /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/

Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır

  1. Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
  2. Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
  3. Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; biologist, locate, endangered gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.

Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?

Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.

Shadowing tekniği: adım adım eksiksiz rehberi okuyun →