Shadowing Practice: C14 | Test 1 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - Learn English Speaking with Video
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IELTS 14 Test 1 Section 4
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You will hear part of a lecture on renewable energy that uses the power of the sea.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
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Demand is rising rapidly because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
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Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment, and they'll eventually run out.
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For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources,
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such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
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Today I'll outline marine renewable energy, also called ocean energy, which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
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Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories – wave energy,
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tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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And I'll say a few words about each one.
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First, wave energy.
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Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy with names such as wave dragon,
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the penguin, and mighty whale.
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And research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
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This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
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Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir or offshore systems.
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But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
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This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology.
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Ideally, all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
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Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally,
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which can lead to environmental problems.
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The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
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One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves as a source of energy, is that it's predictable.
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We know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
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For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least 5 metres,
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and this occurs naturally in only about 40 places on Earth.
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But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon,
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an area of seawater separated from the sea.
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One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
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This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
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The breakwater will contain 16 hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater,
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activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
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Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the breakwater,
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increasing the difference in water level until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
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Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
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It pours powerfully out of the lagoon,
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driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
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As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day,
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every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24.
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And enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
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This system has quite a lot in its favour.
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Unlike solar and wind energy, it doesn't depend on the weather.
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The turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions, and very little maintenance is needed.
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It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap,
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and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
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On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds,
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for example by disturbing migration patterns and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
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There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy, ocean thermal energy conversion.
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This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water
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and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
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The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
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The concept dates back to 1881.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: energy, wave, breakwater, lagoon, tidal. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 59 cümle ve 755 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 7:59 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 94 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %79’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| breakwater isim | /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ | mendirek |
| lagoon isim | /ləˈɡuːn/ | lagün |
| turbine isim | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | türbin |
| renewable sıfat | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | yenilenebilir |
| metre isim | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metre |
| kilometre isim | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | kilometre, çakrım ("verst") |
| megawatt sıfat | megavat | |
| seawater isim | deniz suyu | |
| submerge fiil | /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | batmak, batırmak |
| derive fiil | /dɪˈɹaɪv/ | sağlamak, türetmek |
| disturb fiil | /dɪˈstɜːb/ | rahatsız etmek |
| invent fiil | /ɪnˈvɛnt/ | icat etmek |
| harness fiil | /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ | koşmak, koşum takmak |
| emission isim | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | emisyon, salınım |
| predictable sıfat | /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/ | öngörülebilir |
Duyacağınız deyimsel fiiller
| Kelime | Anlam |
|---|---|
| go out fiil | çıkmak |
| run out fiil | bitmek, tükenmek |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | can be divided · have been invented · can be generated |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has become · have been invented |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı I'll, doesn't, they'll gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 8 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “th” sesleri: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/, penguin /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, whale /ˈweɪl/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, erratic /ɪˈɹætɪk/, standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; breakwater, lagoon, turbine gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.