Prática de Shadowing: C14 | Test 1 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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IELTS 14 Test 1 Section 4
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You will hear part of a lecture on renewable energy that uses the power of the sea.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
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Demand is rising rapidly because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
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Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment, and they'll eventually run out.
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For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources,
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such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
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Today I'll outline marine renewable energy, also called ocean energy, which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
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Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories – wave energy,
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tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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And I'll say a few words about each one.
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First, wave energy.
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Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy with names such as wave dragon,
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the penguin, and mighty whale.
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And research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
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This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
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Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir or offshore systems.
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But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
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This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology.
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Ideally, all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
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Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally,
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which can lead to environmental problems.
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The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
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One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves as a source of energy, is that it's predictable.
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We know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
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For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least 5 metres,
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and this occurs naturally in only about 40 places on Earth.
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But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon,
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an area of seawater separated from the sea.
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One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
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This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
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The breakwater will contain 16 hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater,
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activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
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Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the breakwater,
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increasing the difference in water level until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
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Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
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It pours powerfully out of the lagoon,
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driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
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As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day,
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every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24.
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And enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
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This system has quite a lot in its favour.
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Unlike solar and wind energy, it doesn't depend on the weather.
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The turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions, and very little maintenance is needed.
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It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap,
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and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
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On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds,
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for example by disturbing migration patterns and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
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There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy, ocean thermal energy conversion.
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This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water
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and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
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The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
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The concept dates back to 1881.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
As palavras que mais se repetem: energy, wave, breakwater, lagoon, tidal. Este vídeo tem 59 frases e 755 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:59. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 94 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| breakwater substantivo | /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ | quebra-mar, esporão |
| lagoon substantivo | /ləˈɡuːn/ | laguna, albufeira |
| tidal adjetivo | /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/ | de maré |
| turbine substantivo | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbina |
| renewable adjetivo | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | renovável |
| metre substantivo | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metro |
| thermal adjetivo | /ˈθɜːməl/ | térmico, termal |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender |
| drawback substantivo | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | desvantagem |
| erratic adjetivo | /ɪˈɹætɪk/ | errático |
| hydroelectric adjetivo | /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/ | hidroelétrico |
| kilometre substantivo | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | quilômetro, quilómetro |
| powerfully advérbio | /ˈpaʊɚf(ə)li/ | poderosamente |
| seawater substantivo | água do mar, água salgada | |
| sediment substantivo | /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ | sedimento |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| come up with verbo | pensar (em), alcançar | |
| go out verbo | sair | |
| run out verbo | ficar sem | |
| work out verbo | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | calcular |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | can be divided · have been invented · can be generated |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has become · have been invented |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 8 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'll, doesn't, they'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: tide /taɪd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, erratic /ɪˈɹætɪk/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: tidal /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/, thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, whale /ˈweɪl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, harness /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/, greenhouse /ˈɡɹːnˌ(h)aʊs/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como breakwater, lagoon, tidal.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.