Shadowing Practice: C14 | Test 1 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - Learn English Speaking with Video
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IELTS 14 Test 1 Section 4
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You will hear part of a lecture on renewable energy that uses the power of the sea.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
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Demand is rising rapidly because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
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Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment, and they'll eventually run out.
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For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources,
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such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
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Today I'll outline marine renewable energy, also called ocean energy, which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
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Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories – wave energy,
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tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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And I'll say a few words about each one.
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First, wave energy.
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Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy with names such as wave dragon,
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the penguin, and mighty whale.
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And research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
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This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
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Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir or offshore systems.
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But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
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This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology.
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Ideally, all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
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Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally,
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which can lead to environmental problems.
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The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
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One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves as a source of energy, is that it's predictable.
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We know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
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For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least 5 metres,
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and this occurs naturally in only about 40 places on Earth.
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But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon,
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an area of seawater separated from the sea.
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One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
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This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
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The breakwater will contain 16 hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater,
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activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
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Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the breakwater,
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increasing the difference in water level until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
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Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
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It pours powerfully out of the lagoon,
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driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
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As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day,
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every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24.
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And enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
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This system has quite a lot in its favour.
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Unlike solar and wind energy, it doesn't depend on the weather.
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The turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions, and very little maintenance is needed.
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It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap,
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and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
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On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds,
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for example by disturbing migration patterns and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
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There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy, ocean thermal energy conversion.
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This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water
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and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
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The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
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The concept dates back to 1881.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Las palabras que más se repiten: energy, wave, breakwater, lagoon, tidal. Este vídeo tiene 59 frases y 755 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 7:59. El hablante habla despacio, unas 94 palabras por minuto, así que hay tiempo para imitar cada sonido. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| breakwater sustantivo | /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ | rompeolas, espigón |
| lagoon sustantivo | /ləˈɡuːn/ | laguna, estero |
| tidal adjetivo | /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/ | mareal, mareomotriz |
| turbine sustantivo | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | turbina |
| renewable adjetivo | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | renovable |
| metre sustantivo | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metro |
| thermal adjetivo | /ˈθɜːməl/ | termal |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender/pender (de), ser dependiente (de) |
| drawback sustantivo | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | desventaja, pega |
| erratic adjetivo | /ɪˈɹætɪk/ | inconstante, irregular |
| hydroelectric adjetivo | /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/ | hidroeléctrico |
| kilometre sustantivo | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | kilómetro, quilómetro |
| powerfully adverbio | /ˈpaʊɚf(ə)li/ | poderosamente |
| seawater sustantivo | agua salada | |
| sediment sustantivo | /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ | sedimento |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| come up with verbo | ingeniar, ingeniarse |
| go out verbo | salir |
| hold back verbo | frenarse, refrenarse |
| run out verbo | agotar, quedarse sin |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | can be divided · have been invented · can be generated |
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has become · have been invented |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 8 contracciones y formas reducidas, como I'll, doesn't, they'll. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “th”: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: submerge /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/, generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como breakwater, lagoon, tidal.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.