跟讀練習: C14 | Test 1 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - 通過影片學習英語口語

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59 句
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IELTS 14 Test 1 Section 4
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You will hear part of a lecture on renewable energy that uses the power of the sea.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
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Demand is rising rapidly because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
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Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment, and they'll eventually run out.
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For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources,
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such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
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Today I'll outline marine renewable energy, also called ocean energy, which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
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Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories – wave energy,
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tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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And I'll say a few words about each one.
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First, wave energy.
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Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy with names such as wave dragon,
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the penguin, and mighty whale.
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And research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
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This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
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Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir or offshore systems.
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But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
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This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology.
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Ideally, all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
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Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally,
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which can lead to environmental problems.
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The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
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One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves as a source of energy, is that it's predictable.
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We know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
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For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least 5 metres,
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and this occurs naturally in only about 40 places on Earth.
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But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon,
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an area of seawater separated from the sea.
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One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
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This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
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The breakwater will contain 16 hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater,
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activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
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Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the breakwater,
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increasing the difference in water level until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
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Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
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It pours powerfully out of the lagoon,
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driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
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As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day,
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every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24.
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And enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
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This system has quite a lot in its favour.
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Unlike solar and wind energy, it doesn't depend on the weather.
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The turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions, and very little maintenance is needed.
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It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap,
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and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
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On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds,
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for example by disturbing migration patterns and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
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There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy, ocean thermal energy conversion.
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This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water
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and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
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The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
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The concept dates back to 1881.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中反覆出現的詞有：energy, wave, breakwater, lagoon, tidal。 這段影片共有 59 個句子、755 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 7:59。 說話人語速較慢，每分鐘約 94 個詞，你有足夠的時間模仿每一個音。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞發音釋義
breakwater 名詞/ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/防波堤
lagoon 名詞/ləˈɡuːn/潟湖, 瀉湖 /瀉湖
tidal 形容詞/ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/潮汐
turbine 名詞/ˈtɜː.baɪn/渦輪機 /渦輪機, 輪機 /輪機
renewable 形容詞/ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/可再生
metre 名詞/ˈmiːtəɹ/米, 公尺
depend 動詞/dɪˈpɛnd/信任, 信賴 /信賴
drawback 名詞/ˈdɹɔˌbæk/缺點 /缺點
hydroelectric 形容詞/ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/水力發電的 /水力發電的, 水電的 /水電的
kilometre 名詞/kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/千米, 公里
megawatt 形容詞兆瓦
seawater 名詞海水
sediment 名詞/ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/沉積物 /沉積物, 沉積 /沉積
standstill 名詞/ˈstændˌstɪl/停頓 /停頓
submerge 動詞/səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/淹沒 /淹沒

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞發音釋義
come up with 動詞想出, 提出
go out 動詞出, 出口
work out 動詞/ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/計算 /計算, 算出

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的can be divided · have been invented · can be generated
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事has become · have been invented

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'll, doesn't, they'll。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

  • “th” 音: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
  • “sh” 和 “zh” 音: onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
  • 長單詞——注意重音位置: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

  • /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
  • 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: tide /taɪd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, erratic /ɪˈɹætɪk/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/
  • /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: renewable /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/, hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/

如何用這段影片練習

  1. 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
  2. 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
  3. 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 breakwater, lagoon, tidal 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →