Shadowing-Übung: C14 | Test 1 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - Englisch Sprechen Lernen mit Video
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IELTS 14 Test 1 Section 4
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You will hear part of a lecture on renewable energy that uses the power of the sea.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Producing enough energy to meet our needs has become a serious problem.
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Demand is rising rapidly because of the world's increasing population and expanding industry.
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Burning fossil fuels, like gas, coal and oil, seriously damages the environment, and they'll eventually run out.
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For a number of years now, scientists have been working out how we can derive energy from renewable sources,
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such as the sun and wind, without causing pollution.
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Today I'll outline marine renewable energy, also called ocean energy, which harnesses the movement of the oceans.
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Marine renewable energy can be divided into three main categories – wave energy,
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tidal energy and ocean thermal energy conversion.
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And I'll say a few words about each one.
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First, wave energy.
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Numerous devices have been invented to harvest wave energy with names such as wave dragon,
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the penguin, and mighty whale.
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And research is going on to try and come up with a really efficient method.
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This form of energy has plenty of potential, as the source is constant, and there's no danger of waves coming to a standstill.
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Electricity can be generated using onshore systems, using a reservoir or offshore systems.
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But the problem with ocean waves is that they're erratic, with the wind making them travel in every direction.
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This adds to the difficulty of creating efficient technology.
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Ideally, all the waves would travel smoothly and regularly along the same straight line.
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Another drawback is that sand and other sediment on the ocean floor might be stopped from flowing normally,
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which can lead to environmental problems.
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The second category of marine energy that I'll mention is tidal energy.
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One major advantage of using the tide, rather than waves as a source of energy, is that it's predictable.
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We know the exact times of high and low tides for years to come.
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For tidal energy to be effective, the difference between high and low tides needs to be at least 5 metres,
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and this occurs naturally in only about 40 places on Earth.
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But the right conditions can be created by constructing a tidal lagoon,
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an area of seawater separated from the sea.
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One current plan is to create a tidal lagoon on the coast of Wales.
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This will be an area of water within a bay at Swansea, sheltered by a U-shaped breakwater, or dam, built out from the coast.
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The breakwater will contain 16 hydro turbines, and as the tide rises, water rushes through the breakwater,
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activating the turbines, which turn a generator to produce electricity.
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Then, for three hours as the tide goes out, the water is held back within the breakwater,
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increasing the difference in water level until it's several metres higher within the lagoon than in the open sea.
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Then, in order to release the stored water, gates in the breakwater are opened.
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It pours powerfully out of the lagoon,
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driving the turbines in the breakwater in the opposite direction and again generating thousands of megawatts of electricity.
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As there are two high tides a day, this lagoon scheme would generate electricity four times a day,
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every day, for a total of around 14 hours in every 24.
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And enough electricity for over 150,000 homes.
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This system has quite a lot in its favour.
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Unlike solar and wind energy, it doesn't depend on the weather.
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The turbines are operated without the need for fuel, so it doesn't create any greenhouse gas emissions, and very little maintenance is needed.
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It's estimated that electricity generated in this way will be relatively cheap,
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and that manufacturing the components would create more than 2,000 jobs, a big boost to the local economy.
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On the other hand, there are fears that lagoons might harm both fish and birds,
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for example by disturbing migration patterns and causing a build-up of silt, affecting local ecosystems.
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There are other forms of tidal energy, but I'll go on to the third category of marine energy, ocean thermal energy conversion.
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This depends on there being a big difference in temperature between surface water
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and the water a couple of kilometres below the surface, and this occurs in tropical coastal areas.
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The idea is to bring cold water up to the surface using a submerged pipe.
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The concept dates back to 1881.
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
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Wortschatz und Sprechhinweise zu dieser Lektion
Diese Wörter kommen am häufigsten vor: energy, wave, breakwater, lagoon, tidal. Dieses Video enthält 59 Sätze und 755 Wörter zum Nachsprechen. Der gesprochene Teil dauert 7:59. Der Sprecher spricht langsam, etwa 94 Wörter pro Minute, sodass genug Zeit bleibt, jeden Laut nachzuahmen. Nur 79 % der Wörter gehören zu den 3.000 häufigsten im Englischen, der Wortschatz ist also anspruchsvoll.
Wichtiger Wortschatz in diesem Video
Die 15 anspruchsvollsten Wörter aus dem Video, mit Aussprache und Bedeutung:
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| breakwater Substantiv | /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ | Mole, Wellenbrecher |
| lagoon Substantiv | /ləˈɡuːn/ | Lagune |
| tidal Adjektiv | /ˈtaɪ.d(ə)l/ | Gezeiten-, Tiden- |
| turbine Substantiv | /ˈtɜː.baɪn/ | Turbine |
| renewable Adjektiv | /ɹɪˈnu.ə.bl̩/ | erneuerbar |
| metre Substantiv | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | Meter |
| thermal Adjektiv | /ˈθɜːməl/ | thermisch |
| depend Verb | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | abhängen, ankommen |
| drawback Substantiv | /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/ | Nachteil, Minuspunkt |
| erratic Adjektiv | /ɪˈɹætɪk/ | erratisch, unstet |
| hydroelectric Adjektiv | /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/ | hydroelektrisch |
| kilometre Substantiv | /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ | Kilometer |
| megawatt Adjektiv | Megawatt | |
| seawater Substantiv | Meerwasser, Salzwasser | |
| sediment Substantiv | /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ | Sediment, Satz |
Phrasal Verbs, die du hören wirst
| Wort | Aussprache | Bedeutung |
|---|---|---|
| come up with Verb | ausdenken | |
| go out Verb | hinausgehen, herausgehen | |
| hold back Verb | sich zügeln, sich zurückhalten | |
| run out Verb | ausgehen | |
| work out Verb | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | ausrechnen |
Grammatik in diesem Video
Die Strukturen, die der Sprecher am häufigsten verwendet, mit den genauen Worten aus dem Video:
| Struktur | Im Video |
|---|---|
| Passiv be + Partizip Perfekt – wichtig ist, was geschieht, nicht wer es tut | can be divided · have been invented · can be generated |
| Present Perfect have/has + Partizip Perfekt – eine vergangene Handlung, die jetzt noch wichtig ist | has become · have been invented |
Aussprache, auf die du achten solltest
Der Sprecher verwendet 8 Kurzformen und abgeschwächte Formen, zum Beispiel I'll, doesn't, they'll. Sprich sie in der kurzen Form, so wie du sie hörst.
- Die „th“-Laute: thermal /ˈθɜːməl/, smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/
- Die Laute „sh“ und „zh“: onshore /ˈɒnʃɔː/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/, migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/
- Lange Wörter – auf die Betonung achten: hydroelectric /ˌhʌɪdrəʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/, kilometre /kɪˈlɑmɪtəɹ/, ideally /aɪˈdi.ə.li/, predictable /pɹəˈdɪktəbləl/, ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/
Laute, die Deutschsprachigen schwerfallen:
- /w/ — mit runden Lippen, nicht wie das deutsche „w“ (/v/): breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/, penguin /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/, reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/, whale /ˈweɪl/
- Stimmhafter Auslaut — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ am Wortende nicht verhärten: tide /taɪd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, submerge /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/, derive /dɪˈɹaɪv/, disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/
- /æ/ — offener als „ä“: drawback /ˈdɹɔˌbæk/, erratic /ɪˈɹætɪk/, standstill /ˈstændˌstɪl/, activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/
So übst du mit diesem Video
- Höre dir das ganze Video einmal an, ohne zu sprechen, und notiere die Wörter, die du nicht kennst.
- Sprich Satz für Satz in normaler Geschwindigkeit nach und wiederhole jeden, bis dein Rhythmus zum Sprecher passt.
- Nimm dich auf und vergleiche mit dem Original; achte dabei auf Wörter wie breakwater, lagoon, tidal.
Was ist die Shadowing-Technik?
Shadowing ist eine wissenschaftlich fundierte Sprachlerntechnik, die ursprünglich für die professionelle Dolmetscherausbildung entwickelt und durch den Polyglotten Dr. Alexander Arguelles populär gemacht wurde. Die Methode ist einfach aber wirkungsvoll: Du hörst englisches Audio von Muttersprachlern und wiederholst es sofort laut — wie ein Schatten, der dem Sprecher mit nur 1–2 Sekunden Verzögerung folgt. Anders als passives Hören oder Grammatikübungen zwingt Shadowing dein Gehirn und deine Mundmuskulatur, gleichzeitig echte Sprachmuster zu verarbeiten und zu reproduzieren. Studien zeigen, dass es Aussprachegenauigkeit, Intonation, Rhythmus, verbundene Sprache, Hörverständnis und Sprechflüssigkeit signifikant verbessert — was es zu einer der effektivsten Methoden für die IELTS Speaking-Vorbereitung und reale englische Kommunikation macht.