Shadowing Practice: C14 | Test 4 | Section 4 | 31-40 | Completion Notes | IELTS Listening Test | Learn English with Hang - Learn English Speaking with Video
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IELTS 14 Test 4 Section 4 You will hear part of a lecture about a branch of archaeology called marine archaeology.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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In today's class, I'm going to talk about marine archaeology,
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the branch of archaeology focusing on human interaction with the sea, lakes and rivers.
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It's the study of ships, cargoes, shipping facilities and other physical remains.
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I'll give you an example,
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Then go on to show how this type of research is being transformed by the use of the latest technology.
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At Lityam was a village on the coast of the eastern Mediterranean, which seems to have been thriving until around 7000 BC.
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The residents kept cattle, caught fish and stored grain.
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They had wells for fresh water.
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Many of their houses were built around a courtyard and were constructed of stone.
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The village contained an impressive monument,
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seven half-ton stones standing in a semi-circle around a spring that might have been used for ceremonial purposes.
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Atlet Yam may have been destroyed swiftly by a tsunami,
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or climate change may have caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise, flooding the village gradually.
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Whatever the cause, it now lies ten metres below the surface of the Mediterranean, buried under sand at the bottom of the sea.
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It's been described as the largest and best-preserved prehistoric settlement ever found on the seabed.
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For marine archaeologists, Atlet Yam is a treasure trove.
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Research on the buildings, tools and the human remains has revealed how the bustling village once functioned,
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and even what diseases some of its residents suffered from.
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But of course, this is only one small village, one window into a lost world.
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For a fuller picture, researchers need more sunken settlements, but the hard part is finding them.
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Underwater research used to require divers to find shipwrecks or artefacts, but in the second half of the 20th century,
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various types of underwater vehicles were developed, some controlled from a ship on the surface, and some of them autonomous,
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which means they don't need to be operated by a person.
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Autonomous underwater vehicles, or AUVs, are used in the oil industry,
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for instance, to create maps of the seabed before rigs and pipelines are installed.
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To navigate, they use sensors such as compasses and sonar.
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Until relatively recently they were very expensive and so heavy
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that they had to be launched from a large vessel with a winch.
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But the latest AUVs are much easier to manoeuvre.
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They can be launched from the shore or a small ship.
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And they're much cheaper, which makes them more accessible to research teams.
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They are also very sophisticated.
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can communicate with each other and,
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for example, work out the most efficient way to survey a site or to find particular objects on the seabed.
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Field tests show the approach can work.
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For example, in a trial in 2015, three AUVs searched for wrecks at Martzimemi, off the coast of Sicily.
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The site is the final resting place of an ancient Roman ship
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which sank in the 6th century AD while ferrying prefabricated marble elements for the construction of an early church.
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The AUVs mapped the area in detail, finding other ships carrying columns of the same material.
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Creating an Internet in the sea for AUVs to communicate is no easy matter.
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Wi-Fi networks on land use electromagnetic waves, but in water these will only travel a few centimetres.
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Instead, a more complex mix of technologies is required.
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For short distances, AUVs can share data using light,
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while acoustic waves are used to communicate over long distances.
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But more creative solutions are also being developed,
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where an AUV working on the seabed offloads data to a second AUV,
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which then surfaces and beams the data home to the research team using a satellite.
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There's also a system that enables AUVs to share information from seabed scans and other data.
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So, if an AUV surveying the seabed finds an intriguing object, it can share the coordinates of the object,
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that is its position, with a nearby AUV that carries superior cameras,
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and arrange for that AUV to make a closer inspection of the object.
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Marine archaeologists are excited about the huge potential of these AUVs for their discipline.
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One site where they're going to be deployed is the Gulf of Baratti off the Italian coast.
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In 1974, a 2,000-year-old Roman vessel was discovered here in 18 metres of water.
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When it sank, it was carrying medical goods in wooden or tin receptacles.
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Its cargo gives us insight into the treatments available all those years ago,
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including tablets that are thought to have been dissolved to form a cleansing liquid for the eyes.
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Other Roman ships went down nearby, taking their cargoes with them.
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Some held huge pots made of terracotta,
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some were used for transporting cargoes of olive oil, and others held wine.
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In many cases, it's only these containers that remain, while the wooden ships have been buried under silt on the seabed.
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Another project that's about to be done...
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That is the end of Section 4.
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You now have half a minute to check your answers.
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Thank you.
Uygulamayı İndir
Akıcı konuşmak için ihtiyacınız olan her şey
AI TelaffuzHer cümleyi puanla
IPA AlıştırmasıHer sesi ustalaştır
Kelime BilgisiKelime bankanızı oluşturun
Kelime OyunuOynarken öğrenin
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: Auv, seabed, ship, village, archaeology. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 69 cümle ve 872 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:46 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 99 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %77’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| archaeology isim | /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | arkeoloji, kazıbilim |
| underwater sıfat | /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/ | su altı |
| archaeologist isim | /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ | arkeolog, kazı bilimci |
| metre isim | /ˈmiːtəɹ/ | metre |
| autonomous sıfat | /ɔˈtɑnəməs/ | otonom |
| bury fiil | /ˈbɛɹi/ | gömmek |
| centimetre isim | /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ | santimetre, santim |
| ceremonial sıfat | /ˌsɛɹɪˈməʊnɪ.əl/ | törensel |
| cleanse fiil | /klɛnz/ | temizlemek |
| intrigue isim | /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ | entrika |
| prehistoric sıfat | /ˌpɹiː.hɪsˈtoɹ.ɪk/ | tarih öncesi |
| receptacle isim | /ɹɪˈsɛptəkəl/ | çiçek tablası |
| shipwreck isim | /ˈʃɪpɹɛk/ | gemi enkazı |
| terracotta isim | /ˌtɛɹ.əˈkɑt.ə/ | terrakotta |
| tsunami isim | /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/ | tsunami, dev dalga |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | being transformed · were built · have been destroyed |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | It's been described · has revealed · have been buried |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
Konuşmacı they're, don't, I'll gibi kısaltılmış biçimleri 5 kez kullanıyor. Bunları duyduğunuz gibi kısa söyleyin.
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: shipwreck /ˈʃɪpɹɛk/, glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, underwater /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/, archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/, autonomous /ɔˈtɑnəməs/, centimetre /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; archaeology, underwater, archaeologist gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.