Shadowing Practice: The 15% Rule: How to Learn Faster | Andrew Huberman - Learn English Speaking with Video
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One of the biggest lies in public education about neuroscience is that every experience changes your brain.
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By the time I'm done saying this, your brain will be different.
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No, that's absolutely not true.
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That's a bunch of hooey.
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I studied neuroplasticity.
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I teach neuroplasticity.
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I'll tell you, you know what induces neuroplasticity?
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Being a baby who's trying to learn
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or being an adult who's forcing yourself to try and learn and you can't do the thing.
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The error is what stimulates the plasticity.
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And the appropriate level of difficulty, say the computational modeling is somewhere around 15 % on average.
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Now, what does that mean?
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You need to do a bout of work of 90 minutes to two hours.
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Like you got to strive and try and learn something.
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Do something hard every day mentally.
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This is critical for your ability to focus.
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And by the way, you asked about phones.
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Awesome study came out.
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They had people with their phone off, upside down on the table or in their bag,
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underneath their chair or in the opposite room, a separate room.
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And what they found is people can focus just fine in all three conditions.
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But if the phone is anywhere in the room, the amount of cognitive flexibility they have with the material they're focusing on is diminished.
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In other words, it requires more energy to focus, even if they're not getting calls and notifications.
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There's a subscript running in the brain, apparently, that's anticipating that this thing is going to reach for me.
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It's going to call me.
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So it's calling you even if it's not calling you, which is pretty cool.
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And so the way to increase focus and cognitive capacity is actually to just get the phone out of the room.
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That's a big part of it.
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Do some effortful learning bout, and it should feel like a fight.
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Keep in mind the friction you feel trying to learn something, that's adrenaline.
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Remember, how do we block learning?
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We block adrenaline, and it's downstream effects with propranolol.
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Being alert but calm or a little stressed and making errors through deliberate attempts to do something, not just throwaway errors.
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That's how you learn.
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Why?
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If I can reach out and grab this pen, my brain doesn't change.
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There's two kinds of practice.
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One is practicing doing things I already know how to do.
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There, you're aiming for 100 % performance, right?
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You're reinforcing what you already know how to do.
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Talk to a great dancer and they'll tell you they drill, drill, drill, drill the things they already know how to do.
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But when you're trying to learn the new language, the new emotional skill, the new physical skill, the new cognitive emotional skill.
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You need to make genuine attempts and you need to fail some of the time.
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And those failure signals are relayed to your cerebellum and your cerebellum propagates through networks that say change.
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So there's a set of conditions in the chapter on plasticity that say you need to be alert.
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So I talk about all the ways you can get alert, including pharmacology supplements and behavioral tools.
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Then you need to be focused.
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I talk about all the tools for focus, which you can devote to anything, not just learning.
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And then I talk about the conditions for plasticity.
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And you need to get this friction and these errors.
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And then you need to stop.
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You need to come back a day or two later, do it again.
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And then you need to make sure that you reinforce what you learned.
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Here's where AI is going to be a wonderful tool, already is a wonderful tool.
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The best way to learn is to not forget.
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Meaning if you test yourself mentally, or you could use any one of the LLMs, but I'll go into chat GPT and I'll just say,
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generate a short test of a graduate student at Stanford level, questions about neuroplasticity.
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And I go, oh, and I remember this, there's this one thing I don't remember.
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That's how you maintain and build knowledge over time.
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Self -testing, self -testing.
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People hear the word test, they think of external tester.
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You're the test taker, self -testing.
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That's a really interesting idea for this podcast episode, which we should definitely run.
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Should we generate a quiz?
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Yeah.
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So we can take the transcript and we can turn it into a test.
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Cool.
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Yeah.
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ChatGPT is great at doing this.
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You can change the difficulty and you can actually say, I'm a professor of neuroscience and I want a 15 % error rate on average.
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The study I love that really backs this up is
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that there've been a lot of studies of learning where they have students read the same passage one, two, three, or four times.
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And then they also have them highlight or take notes, or they just have them read it once and self -test.
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And they look six months and two years later.
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Reading it once, no notes, no highlighting and self -testing, you know, about a week later and looking up what you got,
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couldn't remember or got wrong led to much more stable learning over time.
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Awesome.
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Now this doesn't work so well for physical endeavors because there you have to like actually do the physical thing.
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You have to test yourself physically, but I love that set of experiments because it tells us everything we should be doing.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “The 15% Rule: How to Learn Faster”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: learn, test, error, learning, focus. Deze video bevat 79 zinnen en 909 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 4:40. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 195 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| drill zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɹɪl/ | boor, boormachine |
| skill zelfstandig naamwoord | /skɪl/ | bekwaamheid, vaardigheid |
| alert bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /əˈlɝt/ | alert, waakzaam |
| cognitive bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ | cognitief |
| difficulty zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ | moeilijkheid |
| highlight werkwoord | /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/ | naar voren halen, benadrukken |
| friction zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɹɪkʃən/ | wrijving |
| reinforce werkwoord | /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ | versterken, vergroten |
| adrenaline zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/ | adrenaline |
| stable zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | stal, paardenstal |
| experiment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | experiment, proef |
| genuine bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.juˌɪn/ | echt, authentiek |
| physically bijwoord | /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/ | lichamelijk |
| passage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ | passage |
| podcast zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ | podcast |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| come back werkwoord | terugkomen | |
| come out werkwoord | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | uitkomen |
| look up werkwoord | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | opkijken |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- I'll tell you, you know what induces neuroplasticity?
- It's going to call me.
- Remember, how do we block learning?
- We block adrenaline, and it's downstream effects with propranolol.
- Should we generate a quiz?
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 18 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals you're, I'll, doesn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/, computational /ˌkɑmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/, diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, adrenaline /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, flexibility /ˌflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/, notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, upside /ˈʌpˌsaɪd/, quiz /kwɪz/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/, podcast /ˈpɑdˌkæst/, dancer /ˈdænsəɹ/, anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, propagate /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als drill, skill, alert.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.