Prática de Shadowing: Comparing Low Voltage Vs. Medium Voltage Equipment on Solar Sites - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Let's work our way backwards from the interconnection point and compare some equipment.
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First off, we have our system disconnect, which is almost without exception required by utilities for any distributed generation project, with the possible exception of some small residential projects.
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For low voltage projects, we typically have a blade disconnect.
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For utility scale systems, especially overhead connected projects, we'll see what's called a GOAB or gang operated airbrake switch.
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Next up, we have fuses, which can be a really helpful item to have for blanket protection from the utility, which often has a high available fault current.
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For low voltage projects, we typically have a fuse disconnect.
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For utility scale systems, especially overhead connected projects, we might see a set of three fuse cutouts.
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The next protective device might be a main circuit breaker, which can provide a bit more sensitive protection features than a fuse
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and could also be connected to a shunt trip circuit to be opened by a remote input.
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For medium voltage systems, a recloser sort of takes the place of a main circuit breaker, but with a whole lot more bells and whistles.
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A pole-mounted recloser is separated into two sections, a switching unit at the top of the pole and a control relay, usually mounted at ground level.
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The relay senses what's happening in the switching unit
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and tells the switching unit to open or close according to the settings in the relay.
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Most low-voltage circuit breakers are not set up to trip on voltage or frequency, but this is a standard function of a recloser.
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In almost every PV system nowadays, you're going to have some kind of revenue metering.
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In the low-voltage world, this could be a CT cabinet like the one shown here.
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For overhead medium-voltage systems, you're likely to see a primary metering rack, though a good percentage of projects still meter each subarray at the low-voltage side,
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either in addition to or instead of at medium voltage.
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Transformers are not always used in commercial systems, but they're also not totally uncommon either,
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especially when you encounter a 208 volt service, but you want to use a 480 volt string inverters for rooftop stringing efficiencies.
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If they're used, they typically are dry type transformers, less than 300 kVA.
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One of the key differentiators of utility scale projects, in addition to being connected at medium voltage is that they use a step-up transformer,
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so you'll have one or more of these on every project. And lastly are inverters.
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While you might see a 120kW Ving inverter like this one here on a commercial project, utility-scale projects sometimes use single inverters that are 2MW or more
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and are often combined into skids of 4-6MW and paired with a transformer.
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Fortunately, however, solar modules are still solar modules.
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Kind of.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 28 frases e 475 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 2:42. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 176 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 71% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| voltage substantivo | /ˈvəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ | tensão, voltagem |
| utility substantivo | /juːˈtɪlɪti/ | utilidade |
| circuit substantivo | /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ | circuito, volta |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| fuse substantivo | /fjuːz/ | pavio, rastilho |
| overhead substantivo | /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ | overhead |
| mount verbo | /maʊnt/ | subir |
| string substantivo | /stɹɪŋ/ | barbante, corda |
| exception substantivo | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | exceção |
| pole substantivo | /pəʊl/ | polo |
| meter substantivo | /ˈmitəɹ/ | contador |
| module substantivo | /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ | módulo |
| percentage substantivo | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | percentagem, porcentagem |
| sensitive adjetivo | /ˈsɛn.sɪt.ɪv/ | sensitivo |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be connected · is separated · are not set |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | disconnect, which is · fuses, which can · breaker, which can |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 6 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, you're, we'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/, interconnection /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛk.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: utility /juːˈtɪlɪti/, efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/, residential /ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl/, fortunately /ˈfɔɹ.t͡ʃə.nɪt.li/, differentiator /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como voltage, utility, circuit.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.