Prática de Shadowing: Speak More Naturally: 100 Phrases Every Native Speaker Uses - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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You've got brilliant ideas.
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You know your subject inside and out, and you are ready to contribute.
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But when you try to speak up in an important meeting, the words just don't come out right.
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It feels like your English is holding you back, keeping you from getting the respect you deserve.
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You watch your colleagues share their thoughts so effortlessly, and you can't help but feel a little invisible.
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That is an incredibly frustrating feeling.
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It's like there's a wall between what you know and what you can say.
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It might even be costing you promotions, leadership roles, and the career you've worked so hard for.
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It's tough knowing you're capable of so much more, if only you had the right words.
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But what if I told you
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that learning a specific set of English phrases is like finding the master key that unlocks your confidence?
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These phrases are the tools that will help you dismantle that wall, brick by brick, allowing your ideas to finally flow freely.
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In this video, I'm going to teach you 100 of these essential phrases
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that will completely change how you speak in a professional environment.
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We'll cover everything from high-stakes meetings and presentations to your daily office chats.
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By the end of this video, you'll have the tools you need to speak with authority and finally get the recognition you've earned.
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So get ready to take some notes and more importantly, get ready to practice.
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Let's get started.
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Section 1.
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Phrases for High Stakes Meetings and Presentations.
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When you're in a big meeting or giving a presentation, confidence is everything.
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Your language has to be clear, direct, and professional.
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These phrases will help you take charge, structure your thoughts, and command attention.
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Let's kick things off.
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This is an energetic way to start a meeting, much more dynamic than a simple let's start.
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Use it when you're the one leading the discussion.
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Example.
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Good morning, everyone.
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We have a lot to cover today, so let's kick things off.
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The purpose of this meeting is to...
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This phrase sets a clear goal right away.
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It shows you're organized and that you respect everyone's time.
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Example, the purpose of this meeting is to finalize the budget for the fourth quarter.
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I'd like to hand it over to...
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Use this to smoothly transition to another speaker.
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Think of it like passing the baton in a relay race.
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It's a clean, professional handoff that keeps the momentum going.
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Example, I've covered the marketing update.
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Now, I'd like to hand it over to Sarah, who will walk us through the sales figures.
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Could you elaborate on that?
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This is a polite way to ask for more details.
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It sounds much more professional than just saying, what do you mean?
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That's an interesting point, David.
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Could you elaborate on that for us?
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To piggyback on that, use this when you want to add something that's directly related to what someone just said.
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It's like adding a new, perfectly fitting brick to the structure they just built, showing you're listening and collaborating.
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Example, to piggyback on what Maria said, I think we should also consider the long-term impact.
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Let's circle back to that later.
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This is a great phrase for managing time.
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If a discussion is getting off-topic, it's like putting a bookmark in that page of the conversation.
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You're promising to come back to it, but moving on for now.
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Example, that's a valid concern, but in the interest of time, let's circle back to that later in the Q&A session.
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Let me just table this discussion.
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This means you want to postpone a discussion.
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If circling back is like putting in a bookmark, tabling a discussion is like putting the whole book on a shelf to be picked up another day.
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It signals a more formal pause.
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Example, we don't seem to be making progress here.
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Let's table this discussion and revisit it next week with more data.
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The key takeaway here is use this to summarize the most important point.
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It's like finding the moral of the story in a complex tale.
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It tells everyone they absolutely must remember.
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We've discussed a lot of data, but the key takeaway here is that our user engagement is up by 20%.
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Let me just jump in here.
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This is a polite way to interrupt.
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It's like politely merging into traffic with your blinker on, rather than aggressively cutting someone off.
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Use it gently and when necessary.
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If I may, let me just jump in here to clarify one thing about the timeline.
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I'd like to touch on, this is a softer way to introduce a new topic or a point you want to discuss briefly.
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Before we move on, I'd like to touch on the customer feedback we received this week.
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From my perspective, this is a classic way to introduce your opinion without stating it as an absolute.
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It shows you're open to other views.
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From my perspective, the new design is a huge improvement in user experience.
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Let's move on to the next item on the agenda.
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A clear and direct way to keep the meeting moving forward.
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It shows you're in control of the schedule.
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I think we've covered the budget.
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Let's move on to the next item on the agenda, which is the marketing plan.
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To wrap up, this signals that you're about to conclude the meeting or your presentation.
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It prepares the audience for a summary.
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To wrap up, we've agreed on the main goals for next quarter and assigned key responsibilities.
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In a nutshell, this just means, in summary, or in a few words.
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It's perfect for giving a quick high-level overview.
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Example, so in a nutshell, we need to increase our marketing spend to reach our sales targets.
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Let's put a pin in that.
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Similar to circle back, this is a friendly, informal way to say you'll return to an idea or topic later.
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That's a great idea for a future project.
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Let's put a pin in that for now and focus on the current deadline.
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I'll defer to name on this.
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This is a powerful phrase.
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It's like being a ship's captain and handing the wheel to the local harbor pilot.
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It shows you respect their specific expertise and trust them to guide the conversation.
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When it comes to the technical specifications, I'll defer to our lead engineer, Mark.
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Can you walk us through… name?
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This is a request for someone to explain a process or a series of events step by step.
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Example, Clara, can you walk us through the latest user testing results?
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Let's take a step back.
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Use this when a discussion is getting stuck on minor details.
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It's like stepping back from a single brushstroke to look at the entire painting.
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It helps everyone remember the overall goal.
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Example, we're arguing about minor details, let's take a step back and remember the overall goal of this project.
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What are the next steps?
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This is an essential question at the end of any discussion.
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It makes sure that decisions actually lead to action.
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Example, this has been a productive discussion, so what are the next steps?
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Section 2.
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Phrases for expressing your opinions and disagreeing politely.
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Sharing your opinion and especially disagreeing with someone can be tricky.
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The key is to be assertive without being aggressive.
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These phrases help you handle these conversations with grace.
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I see your point, but this phrase is like a bridge.
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It connects your idea to theirs instead of building a wall between them.
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By acknowledging their point first, you soften any disagreement that follows.
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Example, I see your point about the budget constraints, but I believe this investment will pay off in the long run.
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I have a slightly different take on this.
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A different take is a gentle way of saying a different opinion.
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It sounds collaborative, not confrontational.
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I have a slightly different take on this.
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I think we should prioritize user retention over acquisition right now.
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I'm not sure I follow.
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This is a polite way to say you don't understand.
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It's like saying, I think my radio has some static, instead of accusing them of broadcasting a bad signal.
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puts the responsibility on you and encourages them to clarify.
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I'm not sure I follow your logic.
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Could you explain the connection between those two points again?
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Have we considered...
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Framing your suggestion as a question is a softer approach.
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It's like opening a new door for the conversation to walk through, rather than slamming the previous one shut.
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The current plan seems solid, but have we considered the potential risks involved?
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I'm on the fence about this.
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This means you're undecided and can see both sides of an argument.
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I'm on the fence about whether to launch in May or June.
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Both have their pros and cons.
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I'm inclined to agree with… Use this to support a colleague's point.
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It strengthens their position and shows you're a team player.
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After hearing the data, I'm inclined to agree with Jessica.
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We need to rethink our strategy.
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Correct me if I'm wrong, but… This is a humble way to introduce something you believe is true but want to double check.
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Correct me if I'm wrong, but wasn't the deadline for this project pushed to next Friday?
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I'm afraid I have to disagree.
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This is a direct, yet still polite way to state your opposition.
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Adding I'm afraid softens the blow.
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With all due respect, I'm afraid I have to disagree with the proposed timeline.
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It seems unrealistic.
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I see where you're coming from, however… This phrase validates the other person's view before you present your counterpoint.
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It's like acknowledging the road they traveled to reach their conclusion before suggesting a different destination.
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I see where you're coming from on the design, however, we need to consider the feedback from our test users.
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Another way to look at it is… This offers an alternative perspective without directly challenging the first one.
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It opens up the conversation.
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You've made a good case for option A.
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Another way to look at it is through the lens of long-term scalability.
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I'm not entirely convinced that… This is a softer way to express doubt than saying, I don't think that's right.
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Example, thank you for the presentation, I'm not entirely convinced that this is the most cost-effective solution.
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Can we find a compromise?
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This phrase shows that you're focused on solutions and want to find a middle ground that works for everyone.
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Example, we seem to have two competing ideas here, can we find a compromise that incorporates the best of both?
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That's a valid point.
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Use this to acknowledge that someone's argument has merit, even if you don't fully agree with their final conclusion.
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That's a valid point about the potential market saturation.
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We should definitely look into that.
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To be honest, I have some reservations.
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This phrase lets you express concerns thoughtfully.
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It's like raising a yellow caution flag, not a red stop sign.
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It signals, let's proceed with care, rather than stop everything.
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The plan looks good on paper, but to be honest, I have some reservations about our ability to execute it on such a tight schedule.
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I think we're on the same page.
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Use this when you feel like you and your colleague have reached a mutual understanding or agreement.
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Great, it sounds like we both agree on the next steps, so I think we're on the same page.
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Alright, we are making great progress!
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If you're finding these phrases helpful, do me a quick favor and hit that like button to let me know.
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And if you haven't already, click subscribe so you don't miss out on more videos designed to help you master professional English and advance your career.
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Now let's get back to it.
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The next section is all about the language you use every single day around the office.
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Section 3.
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Phrases for daily office communication and collaboration.
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Personalism isn't just for big meetings.
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How you communicate in emails, chats, and casual conversations really shapes how your colleagues see you.
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These phrases will help you sound polite, capable, and collaborative every day.
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Let me double check that.
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This phrase turns, I don't know, into a dead end and into a promise.
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It shows you're proactive and willing to go find the right information instead of just stopping.
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Example, I'm not 100% sure about that figure.
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Let me double check that and get back to you.
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Could you give me a hand with this?
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This is a polite and slightly informal way to ask for help.
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It sounds more collaborative than, can you help me?
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Example, this report is more complex than I thought.
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Could you give me a hand with the data analysis?
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I'll get right on it.
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This means I'll start working on this immediately.
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it shows you're efficient and have a can-do attitude.
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Example, manager, I need the latest sales report.
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You, sure, I'll get right on it.
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Keep me in the loop.
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This just means keep me informed or include me in communications about something.
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Example, I won't be in the meetings next week, but please keep me in the loop by emailing me the minutes.
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What's your bandwidth?
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Think of your work capacity like your internet bandwidth.
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If you're already downloading several large files, you can't start another one.
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Asking about someone's bandwidth is a professional way to see if they have the capacity to take on a new task.
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Example.
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I have a new task that needs to be assigned.
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What's your bandwidth like this week?
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I'm a bit tied up at the moment.
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This is the polite do not disturb sign of professional language.
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It tells people you're busy without being rude and implies you'll be available later.
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Example, I'd love to help but I'm a bit tied up at the moment, can we connect this afternoon?
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I hope this email finds you well.
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This is a standard polite opening for a professional email, especially to someone you don't know well.
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Example, Dear Mr. Smith, I hope this email finds you well.
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I'm writing to follow up on our conversation.
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Thank you for your prompt response.
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A polite way to thank someone for replying to your email quickly.
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Example.
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Thank you for your prompt response.
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The information you provided is very helpful.
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Please see the attached document.
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This is the standard phrase to use in an email to point the reader to an attachment.
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Example.
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As discussed, I've completed the draft.
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Please see the attached document for your review.
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I look forward to hearing from you.
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A common and professional way to close an email when you're expecting a reply.
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Example.
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Please let me know if you have any questions.
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I look forward to hearing from you.
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Just to clarify.
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Use this to make sure you understand something correctly or to make your own point even clearer.
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Example.
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Just to clarify, you need this completed by Friday, not Monday.
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Is that correct?
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My apologies for the delay.
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A professional way to say sorry I'm late with your response or your work.
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Example.
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My apologies for the delay in getting back to you.
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I was out of the office.
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Let's touch base next week.
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Touch base means to have a brief check-in.
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Imagine runners in a long race touching a designated spot to show they're still on track.
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It's a quick contact to ensure alignment.
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Example.
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Let's touch base next week to see how the project is progressing.
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Heads up.
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This is an informal but very common way to give someone a warning or some advance notice.
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Just a heads up, the client is coming to visit the office tomorrow morning.
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I'll get back to you on that.
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Another great alternative to I don't know.
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It's a promise to find the answer and follow up.
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That's a good question.
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I don't have the answer right now, but I'll get back to you on that by the end of the day.
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We're on the right track.
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This is an encouraging phrase to let your team know that you're all progressing well toward your goal.
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Example, the initial results are positive.
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I think we're on the right track with this new strategy.
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Let's get the ball rolling.
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This means to start a project or process.
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It's an energetic phrase that signals it's time for action.
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Example, we've done enough planning, it's time to get the ball rolling on the development phase.
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It's on my radar.
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Think of your to-do list like an air traffic control screen.
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Saying it's on my radar means you see the blip, you're tracking it, and you'll deal with it when the time is right.
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Example, thanks for the reminder about the annual review.
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It's on my radar and I plan to address it next week.
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I appreciate the feedback.
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This is a crucial phrase for accepting criticism gracefully.
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It shows you're open to improvement and not defensive.
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Example, thank you for your comments on my draft.
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I appreciate the feedback and will make those changes.
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Let's sync up later.
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Sync up means to get on the same page.
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It's like tuning two instruments to the same note so that when you play together, you're in harmony me.
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It's about aligning your understanding.
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I have a few ideas about the project.
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Let's sync up later this afternoon for 15 minutes.
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Section 4.
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Phrases for job interviews and networking.
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Job interviews and networking events are all about making a great first impression.
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The right phrases can make you sound confident, capable, and like the perfect person for the job.
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It's a pleasure to meet you.
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A classic, polite, and professional greeting.
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Use it with a firm handshake and a warm smile.
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Good morning.
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I'm your name.
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It's a pleasure to meet you.
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Thank you for the opportunity to interview for this role.
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This shows gratitude and enthusiasm right from the very beginning of the interview.
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Thank you for the opportunity to interview for this role.
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I was very excited to learn more about it.
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I'm passionate about… This phrase talks about your love for your industry or specific kinds of work.
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I'm passionate about creating user-centric designs that solve real-world problems.
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In my previous role, I was responsible for… This is a standard and effective way to describe your past job duties.
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In my previous role at XYZ Company, I was responsible for managing the entire social media strategy.
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One of my key achievements was, listing duties is like showing someone the ingredients for a recipe.
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Talking about your achievements is like showing them the delicious cake you baked.
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This phrase helps you serve them the cake.
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Example, one of my key achievements was leading a project that increased customer retention by 15%.
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I'm skilled at, this is a direct and confident way to state your strengths.
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Just be ready to give an example that backs it up.
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Example, I'm skilled at working under pressure and managing multiple projects simultaneously.
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I'm looking to further my career in...
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This phrase shows an interviewer that the job isn't just a random destination for you.
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It's a specific, important stop on your career map that you've purposefully planned to visit.
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Example, I'm looking to further my career in project management and this role seems like the perfect next step.
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That's a great question.
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This phrase is like a little mental pause button.
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It buys you a few precious seconds for your brain to load the perfect answer while also complimenting the interviewer.
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Example, that's a great question.
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Let me think about the best example for that.
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I'd describe myself as a, this is a good way to start your answer to tell me about yourself, by focusing on your professional qualities.
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I'd describe myself as a proactive problem solver who enjoys collaborating with a team.
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Could you tell me more about… Asking thoughtful questions is just as important as answering them.
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This shows you're engaged and genuinely curious.
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Example, the job description mentions team collaboration.
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Could you tell me more about the team dynamics?
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This role aligns with my career goals because this is like showing how two different puzzle pieces,
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you and the company, fit together perfectly to create a single, complete picture.
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It connects your goals with theirs.
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Example, this role aligns with my career goals because I want to specialize in data analytics, which is a key part of this position.
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I thrive in environments.
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Thrive is a strong word that means you perform exceptionally well.
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Use it to describe your ideal work culture.
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Example, I thrive in fast-paced, collaborative environments where I can learn from my colleagues.
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What brings you to this event?
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A simple, open-ended question that's perfect for starting a conversation at a networking event at a networking event.
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Hi, I'm Erin.
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What brings you to this conference today?
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I've heard great things about your work.
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A flattering and effective way to start a conversation with someone you admire or want to connect with.
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Example, it's great to meet you, Ms. Chen.
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I've heard great things about your work in sustainable finance.
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Do you have a business card?
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A classic and still very relevant way to ask for someone's contact information so you can follow up later.
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Example, it's been a pleasure talking with you.
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Do you have a business card so I can stay in touch?
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I'd be thrilled to work for this organization.
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Express genuine excitement.
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This shows the interviewer that you are truly motivated.
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Based on everything I've learned today, I'd be thrilled to work for this organization and contribute to your team.
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I take pride in my ability to.
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This is like an artist proudly signing their finished painting.
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It shows you stand behind your work and have confidence in its quality.
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Example, I take pride in my ability to communicate complex ideas in a simple and understandable way.
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My experience in has allowed me to develop strong skills in.
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This directly connects your past experience with the valuable skills you can bring to the job.
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Example, my experience in customer service has allowed me to develop strong skills in conflict resolution and client management.
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I'm committed to resolving this.
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To cut corners.
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To do something in the easiest, cheapest, or fastest way, which often means sacrificing quality.
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We cannot afford to cut corners on safety testing.
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It's just too important.
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To bring someone up to date.
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Similar to get up to speed, this means to give someone the latest information they missed.
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Example.
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Can someone bring Sarah up to date on what she missed in yesterday's meeting?
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Low-hanging fruit.
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Imagine you're trying to harvest apples from a huge tree.
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Instead of getting a tall ladder for the top branches, you start by picking the fruit that's easiest to reach.
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That's the low-hanging fruit.
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Example.
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Let's tackle the low-hanging fruit first to show some immediate progress on this project.
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To be on the same wavelength.
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To think in a similar way and understand each other very well.
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It's great working with this team.
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We're all on the same wavelength.
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The ball is in your court.
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Think of a tennis match.
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Once you've hit the ball over the net to your opponent, you can't do anything else until they act.
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The ball is in their court.
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Example, we've sent them the proposal.
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Now the ball is in their court.
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A blessing in disguise.
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Something that seems bad at first, but actually results in something good happening later.
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Example, losing that first client was a blessing in disguise because it forced us to diversify our customer base.
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To get your foot in the door.
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To take a low-level position with a company, hoping it will lead to a better job there in the future.
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Example, I'm just happy to get my foot in the door at such a prestigious company.
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Back to the drawing board.
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Imagine an architect whose building design gets going forward.
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A professional phrase used to talk about the future.
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It simply means from now on.
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Going forward, all expense reports must be submitted by the 25th of each month.
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A ballpark figure.
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A rough estimate or an approximate number.
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It's like guessing the number of people in a baseball stadium.
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You don't know the exact count, but you can give a reasonable estimate.
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You're in the right ballpark.
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I don't need the exact cost right now, just give me a ballpark figure figure.
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To raise the bar.
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To set a higher standard for performance.
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This year's sales results have really raised the bar for everyone on the team.
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Let's call it a day.
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A phrase used to say that the workday or a specific task is finished.
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We've been working for 10 hours straight.
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I think it's time to call it a day.
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Conclusion.
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And there you have it.
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100 phrases that will help you sound more like a native speaker and communicate with confidence in any professional setting.
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But remember, just knowing these phrases is the first step.
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The real key is practice.
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Don't be afraid to try them.
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Start with a few that feel comfortable and maybe challenge yourself to use two or three new phrases this week.
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The more you use them, the more natural they'll become.
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You have the ideas, you have the talent, and now you have more of the words.
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It's time to stop letting your English hold you back from the career you deserve.
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Start using these phrases and watch how you gain the respect and recognition you've been working so hard for.
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To help you out, I've created a free downloadable PDF with all 100 phrases from this video.
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You can print it out and keep it on your desk as a handy guide.
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The link is in the description below.
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Go download it now and start practicing today.
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Thank you so much for watching.
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If you found this video helpful, please give it a thumbs up and share it with a colleague who might benefit.
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What's your favorite phrase from this list?
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Let me know in the comments below.
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I'll see you in the next video.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Speak More Naturally: 100 Phrases Every Native Speaker Uses”. Este vídeo tem 413 frases e 4381 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 28:19. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 155 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 83% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| polite adjetivo | /pəˈlaɪt/ | educado, polido |
| colleague substantivo | /ˈkɒliːɡ/ | colega |
| bandwidth substantivo | /ˈbændwɪdθ/ | largura de banda |
| collaborative adjetivo | /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ | colaborativo |
| clarify verbo | /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/ | clarificar |
| disagree verbo | /dɪsəˈɡɹi/ | discordar |
| interviewer substantivo | /ˈɪntɚvjuɚ/ | entrevistador, entrevistadora |
| thrive verbo | /θɹajv/ | prosperar, desenvolver-se |
| informal adjetivo | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | informal |
| acknowledge verbo | /əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/ | reconhecer |
| radar substantivo | /ˈɹeɪˌdɑɹ/ | radar |
| bookmark substantivo | /ˈbʊkmɑːɹk/ | marcador, marca-livro |
| defer verbo | /dɪˈfɜː/ | adiar, pospor |
| nutshell substantivo | /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/ | casca de noz |
| piggyback verbo | levar às cavalitas, levar às costas |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| going forward advérbio | doravante, daqui em diante | |
| look forward to verbo | ansiar por, estar ansioso para | |
| wrap up verbo | embrulhar, empacotar | |
| come out verbo | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | sair, partir |
| get off verbo | sair | |
| move forward verbo | adiantar | |
| pick up verbo | pegar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- Could you elaborate on that?
- Could you elaborate on that for us?
- Can you walk us through… name?
- What's your bandwidth like this week?
- What's your favorite phrase from this list?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continua | We've been working · you've been working |
| “Used to” used to + verbo — um hábito ou estado do passado que não é mais verdade | used to talk · used to say |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | you've worked · you've earned · I've covered |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | be picked · be assigned · be thrilled |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 126 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, you're, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/, thrive /θɹajv/, wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, thrill /θɹɪl/, theirs /ðɛɚz/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/, shelf /ʃɛlf/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: collaborative /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹə.tɪv/, collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/, energetic /ˌɛn.əɹˈdʒɛt.ɪk/, reservation /ˌɹɛz.ɚˈveɪ.ʃən/, apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: polite /pəˈlaɪt/, colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/, ballpark /ˈbɔl(ˌ)pɑɹk/, sync /sɪŋk/, bookmark /ˈbʊkmɑːɹk/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: informal /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/, nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/, thrill /θɹɪl/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, humble /ˈhʌmbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, humble /ˈhʌmbəl/, harmony /ˈhɑ̟ɹ.mə.ni/, harbor /ˈhɑːbə/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como polite, colleague, bandwidth.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.