Практика Shadowing: Why Studying LESS Makes You Learn Faster (Science-Based) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.

102 предложений

Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.

The best way to study and learn is to access components of your memory systems that offset forgetting.

Лучший способ изучать и усваивать информацию — это задействовать компоненты ваших систем памяти, которые компенсируют забывание.

That is the way to remember things.

Вот так и запоминаются вещи.

That is the way to gain mastery over them.

Это и есть способ обрести над ними контроль.

And I'm going to teach you how to best do that using the data gleaned from the peer -reviewed literature.

И я собираюсь научить вас, как лучше всего это сделать, используя данные, полученные из рецензируемой научной литературы.

Now, before I do that, I want to talk about what learning is.

Теперь, прежде чем я это сделаю, я хочу поговорить о том, что такое обучение.

Neuroplasticity is this incredible feature of your nervous system, which of course includes your brain and your spinal cord,

which is the ability for your nervous system to change in response to experience.

So any form of learning involves neuroplasticity.

Neuroplasticity, we sometimes hear as neuroplasticity, two words, or neuroplasticity.

Those are the same thing, essentially.

The change that underlies neuroplasticity at the level of cells, which we call neurons or nerve cells, generally involves three different mechanisms.

One is the strengthening of certain connections, what we call synaptic connections.

Synapses are the location between neurons where they communicate with one another.

It's actually a gap between the neurons.

It is technically called the synaptic cleft.

It's a gap.

And within that gap, chemicals are passed across that gap that allow one neuron to activate other neurons, or many neurons to activate many other neurons,

or to inhibit the activity of other neurons.

So one form of neuroplasticity is the strengthening of connections between neurons.

Another form of neuroplasticity is the weakening of connections between neurons.

And yet a third form of plasticity, which is often discussed in the media, but is very rare actually in the nervous system,

especially the adult nervous system of humans, is neurogenesis or the addition of new neurons.

Let's just get this out of the way up front because the addition of new neurons, again, grabs so much attention in media articles,

but it's responsible for a near trivial amount

of the sort of neuroplasticity that is important for today's discussion or frankly for most all discussions.

It is true you have a specialized set of neurons in your olfactory bulb that are responsible for smell, as well as a specialized set of neurons in the so -called dentate gyrus of your hippocampus,

an area of the brain that's important for memory, in which new neurons appear to be added throughout the lifespan,

but this is not the major mechanism by which learning and memory occurs in humans.

Rather, the major mechanism by which learning

and memory occurs in humans is the strengthening of existing connections and the weakening of existing connections,

or the formation of new connections between already existing neurons, not new neurons.

Okay?

Now, the removal

or weakening of connections between neurons being an important component of neuroplasticity is very important for sake of today's discussion.

I want to emphasize that when we hear about weakening of connections, we often think, well, that means forgetting, or that means the brain is getting less good.

However, so much of the neuroplasticity that underlies,

for instance, the acquisition of a new motor skill is actually the reflection of removal of connections.

So we don't want to project any kind of value onto a discussion about adding new connections, removing new connections.

Let's just leave it at this level mechanistically.

When you hear about neuroplasticity, just know that it could be the consequence of strengthening of connections as well as weakening of connections

and that neither strengthening of connections in the nervous system nor weakening of connections can map directly to the formation

or removal of say memories or information.

Just know that these are the important mechanisms.

In fact, if you look at a baby that is, let's say, I don't know, nine months old, their motor skills are not terrific typically compared to the motor skills

that that child will have when they are six or seven years old.

And believe it or not, the improvement in motor coordination that one observes in humans

and other species for that matter from birth until the adolescence

and teen years and adult years is largely the reflection of the removal.

That's right.

The removal of neural connections as opposed to the formation of neural connections.

However, the neural connections that remain become much more robust.

They become much more reliable.

Okay.

So that's the mechanistic backdrop for everything that we're going to talk about today, which is how to study and learn.

And as I mentioned earlier in my introduction,

most of learning and remembering new material is about offsetting the forgetting process that naturally occurs anytime we hear new information.

So, in keeping with what will ultimately reveal itself to be the dominant theme of today's discussion, right now and for reasons that will become clear later,

I want you to take a brief quiz.

Now, the moment people hear quiz or test, typically it spikes their adrenaline, they start feeling stressed, but don't worry,

you're gonna keep your answers to yourself and you're doing this for a very specific purpose.

Here's...

My question, this is a two question quiz.

How many different ways, mechanistically speaking, does neuroplasticity occur?

Is it one mechanism, two mechanisms, or three mechanisms?

Or is it four or five?

Okay.

Can you name in your head two of the three major changes

that the nervous system can undergo which are reflective of neuroplasticity?

Okay, so the answer to question was, is that there are three different modes of neuroplasticity as you recall, or as you may not have been able to recall.

And by the way, if you were not able to recall the three different modes of neuroplasticity or mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity, that is fine.

As you'll soon realize, recognizing the errors in your information retention is another critical and very useful way to retain more information,

even if you got the answer wrong or you didn't know.

In fact, especially if you got the answer wrong or you didn't know.

So the three ways are the strengthening of neural connections, second, the weakening of neural connections, and third, through neurogenesis, the addition of new neurons.

Why did I provide this quiz?

Why did I test you?

Well, as you'll soon learn, if you look across the total body of research on how best to study and learn, it involves doing exactly what we just did,

which is to periodically stop and test yourself on the material that you learned.

Testing is not just a way of evaluating what knowledge you've acquired and which knowledge you have not managed to acquire.

It also turns out to be the best tool for offsetting forgetting of any kind.

This study looked at whether or not studying material four times, so study, study, study, study,

was better in terms of locking that information into people's minds, allowing them to use that information flexibly, which is an element of creativity,

essentially giving the mastery of the material.

Then a different group which studied once, studied the material twice, studied the material three times, then was tested on the material.

Or a third group that studied material once, then took one, two, yes, three tests on the material.

Now, so what I just described was three groups, all of whom read a passage.

This was a passage about animals, about biology, some other topics too in different experiments.

Again, three groups.

One group studies four times, then later they take a test.

The second group studies one, two, three times, takes a test on that material, and then later takes a test.

The third group studies the material once, then takes three tests on the material and then later takes a test.

So what's analyzed and compared between these different groups is their performance on that final test.

That should be pretty much obvious given the way we've been

going today in this description of tests as a way to offset forgetting.

Okay.

So the more tests that you take as a way to expose yourself to the material, the better you're going to perform on that material at some later point.

Now, of course, at some point you have to be exposed to the material for the first time, right?

That's why it's studying and learning.

But after one exposure to new material, taking more tests on that material, even if you don't perform that well on those tests,

100

as long as you're able to see the accurate answers to those tests

101

and compare your answers to those answers will lead to better performance on the ultimate test

102

and retention of that material at some later time.

Скачать приложение

Всё для свободной речи

ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы

Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук

СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас

Игра со словамиУчитесь играя

Сканировать QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

Тот же канал

FOR YOU

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

В этом видео 102 предложений и 1433 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:44. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 164 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 82% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 менее частых слов из видео с произношением и значением:

mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ (существительное) — механи́зм. Any mechanical means for the conversion or control of motion, or the transmission or control of power.
strengthen /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ (глагол) — уси́ливать, уси́лить. To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.
removal /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ (существительное) — удаление. The process of removing or the fact of being removed.
occur /əˈkɜː/ (глагол) — происходи́ть, произойти́. To happen or take place.
offset /ˈɔf.sɛt/ (существительное) — компенса́ция, возмеще́ние. Anything that acts as counterbalance; a compensating equivalent.
quiz /kwɪz/ (существительное) — виктори́на, квиз. A competition in the answering of questions.
compare /kəmˈpɛɚ/ (глагол) — сра́внивать, сравни́ть. To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things [“to compare X with Y”]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it…
skill /skɪl/ (существительное) — уме́ние, на́вык. A capacity to do something well; a technique, an ability, usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities that are regarded as innate.
recall /ɹɪˈkɔl/ (глагол) — отзыва́ть, отозва́ть. To withdraw, retract (one's words etc.); to revoke (an order).
involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/ (глагол) — каса́ться, косну́ться. To have (something) as a component or a related part; to comprise, to include.
essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ (наречие) — по существу́, суще́ственно. In essence: by nature.
component /kəmˈpoʊ.nənt/ (существительное) — компоне́нт, составна́я часть. A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.
passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ (существительное) — пасса́ж, отры́вок. A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning.
reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ (существительное) — отраже́ние. The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.
acquire /əˈkwaɪɚ/ (глагол) — добыва́ть, добы́ть. To get.

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

talk about (глагол) — ну и, вот э́то. Used to draw attention to the speaker's characterization of someone or something.

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 17 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, you're, didn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/, retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: mechanism /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, acquisition /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как mechanism, strengthen, removal.

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	is technically called · are passed · is often discussed
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	plasticity, which is · today, which is · undergo which are
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	you've acquired · we've been

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

Техника шедоуинга: читать полное пошаговое руководство →

Практика Shadowing: Why Studying LESS Makes You Learn Faster (Science-Based) - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

Выберите режим практики

Скачать приложение

Тот же канал

How I Study SMARTER, Not HARDER (10 Science-Based Tips)

Top 5 Diet Tips for Flawless, Youthful Skin

Functional Strength: The Only 5 Exercises You Really Need

Neuroscientist: How To Boost Your Focus PERMANENTLY in Minutes

5 Tips to Learn Anything FAST

Рекомендуемое видео

Psychology of Intelligence: Learn Anything So Fast It's Almost Unfair

Keep your brain from declining after age 30

The Neuroscience of Learning

Learn How To Actually Study Before It’s Too Late (The Correct way to study)

Why the CPC Method Changes How You Learn Medicine (And Why Memorization Fails)

Essentials: Use Sleep to Enhance Learning, Memory & Emotional State | Dr. Gina Poe

A neuroscientist’s guide to reclaiming your brain | Nicole Vignola

How to Learn Anything Once and Remember Forever

You Can Learn New Habits Very Fast: Brain Circuits Rewire Faster With Urgency

28 May 2026

ANYONE can be mentally tough. It's easy.

Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Ключевая лексика этого видео

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Как заниматься с этим видео

Грамматика в этом видео

Что такое техника Shadowing?