ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism)
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202 ประโยค
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He would neither go towards the feeding grounds at the edge of the ice, nor return to the colony.
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Shortly afterwards, we saw him heading straight towards the mountains some 70 kilometers away. But why?
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Alrighty, chat.
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Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
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So this is a case of a penguin
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that instead of staying safe with like all of the other nesting penguins
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or traveling to the ocean where it will presumably get food, it looks towards the mountains and takes off.
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And there's something like incredibly noble about this, right?
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So people watch this and they're sort of like, wow, this is like the triumph of the human spirit.
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I think a great example of epic meaning being epic failure is into the wild.
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So this is a story of someone who went into the wilderness and then basically starved to death.
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He started to eat something I think called potato berries, which are, he was so hungry that he found these things that looked like potatoes,
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but are actually toxic when ingested in large quantities.
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And then he ends up sort of dying alone, poisoning himself.
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And this is what we turn into movies.
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And if we want to understand why people are so into this, we got to understand the basic problem that human beings face in today's world.
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We no longer have the capacity for self -determination.
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So the world on a macroscopic level, there's inflation, there's war, there's the existential threat of AI.
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I recently talked to a buddy of mine who's in a PhD or teaches in a PhD program.
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And she was telling me how hard it is for like new PhD graduates to find entry -level jobs
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because they're all being taken by AI.
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So we're like fundamentally like losing control.
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And it's not just the macroscopic forces.
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This is also a situation where I've worked with so many people who can't even control themselves.
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Their day -to -day experience of life is there are
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so many things that I know would be good for me that have a high probability of success.
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If I just did this, everything would be great.
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Simplest example of this is emailing my professor just to let them know, hey, I won't be able to turn in my paper on time.
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Can I have an extension?
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It's like 30 seconds of work.
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And yet, even though there's so much stuff that we could do that would be good for us, we cannot bring ourselves to do it.
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Cue dopamine addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction, porn addiction, take your pick.
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And so what we see with this nihilistic penguin is exactly what we wish we could do.
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The penguin is faced with a situation where there is no chance of success,
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no chance of survival, and yet it is able to muster up the energy to give everything
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that it's got for some impossible task.
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And this is the basic thing that I see in the majority of people today is like, they just can't give life their effort, right?
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This idea of like, give me liberty or give me death, going all in, giving everything you've got, this thing that we love as human beings,
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this thing that we respect as human beings, like the ultimate respect that we give human beings are people who give it their all.
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And I can't even give it 25%.
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And when people watch this video, like the comments are like, this penguin may not survive, but he'll certainly live.
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Ah, what nobility.
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And then here's what's really scary about this is like, when we look at this penguin, a lot of people will say like, there's no purpose.
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There's no triumph of the human spirit or the penguin spirit.
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This is just like a biological error.
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Like there's nothing going on here that like the brain is malfunctioning.
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The penguin is running towards the mountains.
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It'll certainly die there.
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There's like no chance of survival.
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It's not accomplished anything like this triumph of the penguin spirit is just a bug.
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And there's actually good, like, scientific evidence to support this, not just in penguins, but in humans as well.
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And then we get to this really scary thought
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because here we are as human beings striving for meaning and striving for purpose.
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But there's a lot of biological evidence that this crap doesn't exist.
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A really good example of this is more from the field of psychology, but in something called Terror Management Theory.
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So here's basically what
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Terror Management Theory says.
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So as living organisms, we have one goal, which is survival.
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There's also one thing that is guaranteed when an organism becomes born in the world, which is that it is going to die.
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So everything in our wiring is wired to survive.
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Death is inevitable.
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Now, this is not a problem for most organisms.
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If I'm a bacteria, I have no sense of my mortality.
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If I'm a frog, if I'm a deer, if I'm a lion, we have really no evidence that primates
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or lions or any kinds of organisms are aware that they will die one day, except for humans, because we as humans are different.
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We know that we're going to die, right?
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We have we've reached this cognitive plateau, which creates a problem because here we are wired to survive, but we have the knowledge of certain death.
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So how does an organism fix this fundamentally irreconcilable thing?
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And that's where terror management theory comes in.
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What terror management theory says is that we're human beings.
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We all are afraid of death.
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So organisms are wired for survival and all organisms die.
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So this is not a problem if you're like an amoeba.
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It's not a problem if you're a frog, because frogs don't have a clear sense of their mortality.
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The problem is when you achieve a certain cognitive layer, a cognitive capability, you're wired for survival and you know you're going to die.
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So how does our biology reconcile that we're wired to survive and we're definitely going to die?
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So the main goal, the main game we are trying to win, we will definitely lose.
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And that's where terror management theory basically says that the way
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that we reconcile this fear of death is by like inventing some sense of like immortality.
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The sense of meaning and purpose and self -esteem and all of these like good things in life,
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all of these triumphs of the human spirit are basically biological copium to reconcile against this idea of death.
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We've evolved the delusion of purpose to keep the terror of our certain death,
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which is like runs contrary to our basic instincts of survival at bay.
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And this is what I think is
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so scary about the nihilistic penguin is like all of us
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are sort of sitting in this situation where we wish we could be doing more.
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We want to live life more.
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We want to find purpose.
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We want to find meaning.
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But then on the flip side, there is so much evidence.
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There's no proof of life after death.
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There's no proof of the existence of God.
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Maybe there is.
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You can leave a comment if you want.
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Right.
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We don't know if we're all like all we have proof of is
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that we're like sacks of meat with electrical activity in this particular skull that gives us a sense of purpose and meaning.
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And then we're kind of stuck because it's like, do I live life?
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Do I look for meaning?
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Do I look for purpose?
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Or is it all a scam?
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And this is what's so scary is that the thing that we strive for could be a biological delusion.
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So how do we resolve this?
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What many people will say is like, oh, like life is a journey and you have to like figure out for yourself,
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which is like sort of a great answer, but honestly, it's a really crappy answer.
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It's sort of like a non -answer.
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There is no answer.
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You have to figure it out for yourself.
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Like, you know, reminds me of the hand clapping meme when someone is drowning, where it's like, okay, you have to figure it out yourself,
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but how do you figure it out?
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And this is where I don't have any profound guidance.
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I'm not like enlightened or divine or anything like that.
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The best that I can give you is sort of my take on this.
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So my parents, you know, raised me in a religious kind of household, kind of culturally religious.
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I would go to temple and things like that, but I didn't really like believe this stuff.
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I remember going to a summer camp when I was like 14 years old
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that my mom really wanted me to go to for this religious organization.
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People would say these things about God and, you know, this is what you should do in reincarnation.
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And I was like, where's your proof, bro?
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I started asking questions and I didn't get any sufficient answers.
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And I was like, okay, like these people don't know what they're talking about.
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I was basically an atheist.
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And then I went to India and I started studying meditation.
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And originally the reason I studied meditation was not about spirituality.
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It was like, okay, I'm going to focus on the neuroscience.
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I'm going to focus on improving my physiology, gaining willpower.
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I wanted observable benefits in the real world through meditation.
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So that's why I moved away from Reiki and started to move towards other kinds of meditation,
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which are scientifically valid because I didn't believe any of this crap.
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And then as I started to meditate, I started to have these weird spiritual experiences.
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And I'll just share one with you that I don't know if I've talked about before.
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But the first time I got an interview for medical school and I went home and I meditated and then I prayed,
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which is not something that I do usually.
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So I prayed and I was like, please, universe, God, whatever, whatever the fuck is out there, please let me get accepted to medical school.
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I've been trying really hard.
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I don't know if it's going to work or not.
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My GPA sucks.
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Please, please, please, please, please let me get accepted to medical school.
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And then I had something called a knowing.
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So this is something that I don't talk about publicly, but I talk about with my patients sometimes,
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which is like, sometimes when you meditate, you know things.
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So it's not a belief.
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It's not an understanding.
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It's not even an aha moment
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The best word I can use to describe it is a knowing
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Maybe you've experienced it and you kind of know what i'm talking about if you haven't it sounds like kooky, right?
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So I just knew
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Like it's not like a voice like I didn't hear something I knew
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that I would not get accepted that year and I knew that it would take me two more years
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And it was like I knew that I had to go through this
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And that it was like the price that I had to pay.
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But it was also kind of reassuring because it was like, I knew that things were going to work out in the end,
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but there would be a lot of pain that was necessary to get me to where I want to go.
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And I was sitting there meditating and I had this profound experience of knowing.
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I started crying and I felt both loved and I felt a lot of pity towards myself.
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Since that moment, I've really appreciated this part of the Bible in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus says, please, Lord,
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let this cup pass from me to like somebody else.
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Like, I don't want to do this.
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If there's any way that you can give me a pass, please let me know.
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And that's something that really resonates with me to this day.
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So when you meditate and you do this kind of stuff, like weird stuff happens.
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And then I was in a, then I had a problem because I was like, what the hell is that?
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Right?
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Is this a delusion?
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Is this some kind of psychological copium?
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Like what's going on here?
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And this explains like why I read all of this stuff, right?
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So I have this paper on terror management theory.
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I read a bunch of other papers about the nature of nihilism
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and human meaning and human existence and psychology and neuroscience and all this kind of crap, because I'm looking for answers.
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So I've read probably about 3 ,000 peer -reviewed publications since I started
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Healthy Gamer looking for answers.
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And so through a series of 20 years of meditative experiences and getting married and having kids, I kind of found purpose,
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believed in dharma, believed in karma and all this stuff.
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And I was like, great, I figured it out.
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Now here's the really scary thing, I'm sliding back towards atheism.
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And I got dragged into not theism, but the idea that there is more in this world than is materially visible.
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So I had enough experiences and they kept happening once every like two or three years or so.
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That was really profound.
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And when this happens to you for 20 years and you get like hit with these things, you get dragged into believing there is more.
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The really scary thing is over the last year or two, I'm being dragged in the opposite direction.
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As I learn more about biology, as I learn more about neuroscience, as I learn more about psychology, about things like adaptive misbelief,
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I'm starting to really wonder whether all of the stuff that I learned is just delusions in my brain, that I've evolved.
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The biology of my system is designed to give me copium, is designed to give me something called adaptive misbelief,
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which are things that are not true, but are adaptive for the organism.
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So is all of this stuff that I experienced real, or is it just the highest level of copium?
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I don't know.
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At the end of the day, it's incredibly fascinating, but I don't know.
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And I think this is where y 'all have to tell us, right?
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So do you think this is something noble?
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Do you think that there's some kind of atma or soul that has inhabited the penguin, that the penguin is exploring the frontiers of its environment,
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just like human beings did when they were like thousands of years ago?
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Or is it all just a biological malfunction?
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Discussing My Beliefs.” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 202 ประโยค และ 2598 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:53 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 202 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| penguin คำนาม | /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/ | เพนกวิน |
| organism คำนาม | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | สิ่งมีชีวิต |
| wire คำนาม | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | ลวด, สาย |
| scary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | น่ากลัว |
| triumph คำนาม | /ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/ | ชัย |
| psychology คำนาม | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | จิตวิทยา |
| drag คำกริยา | /dɹæɡ/ | ลาก |
| biology คำนาม | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | ชีววิทยา |
| strive คำกริยา | /ˈstɹaɪv/ | พยายาม, เพียร |
| pray คำกริยา | /pɹeɪ/ | สวด, อธิษฐาน |
| epic คำนาม | /ˈɛp.ɪk/ | มหากาพย์ |
| lion คำนาม | /ˈlaɪən/ | สิงโต, ราชสีห์ |
| potato คำนาม | /pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ | มันฝรั่ง |
| hungry คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ | หิว, ท้องเลว |
| publication คำนาม | /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ | การตีพิมพ์ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| take off คำกริยา | ถอด |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
- Can I have an extension?
- Do I look for meaning?
- Do I look for purpose?
- And I was like, where's your proof, bro?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've worked · we've reached · We've evolved |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | being taken · is faced · is guaranteed |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | someone who went · berries, which are · people who can |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 64 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, don't, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, triumph /ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง penguin, organism, wire เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ