跟讀練習: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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He would neither go towards the feeding grounds at the edge of the ice, nor return to the colony.

Shortly afterwards, we saw him heading straight towards the mountains some 70 kilometers away. But why?

Alrighty, chat.

Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.

So this is a case of a penguin

that instead of staying safe with like all of the other nesting penguins

or traveling to the ocean where it will presumably get food, it looks towards the mountains and takes off.

And there's something like incredibly noble about this, right?

So people watch this and they're sort of like, wow, this is like the triumph of the human spirit.

I think a great example of epic meaning being epic failure is into the wild.

So this is a story of someone who went into the wilderness and then basically starved to death.

He started to eat something I think called potato berries, which are, he was so hungry that he found these things that looked like potatoes,

but are actually toxic when ingested in large quantities.

And then he ends up sort of dying alone, poisoning himself.

And this is what we turn into movies.

And if we want to understand why people are so into this, we got to understand the basic problem that human beings face in today's world.

We no longer have the capacity for self -determination.

So the world on a macroscopic level, there's inflation, there's war, there's the existential threat of AI.

I recently talked to a buddy of mine who's in a PhD or teaches in a PhD program.

And she was telling me how hard it is for like new PhD graduates to find entry -level jobs

because they're all being taken by AI.

So we're like fundamentally like losing control.

And it's not just the macroscopic forces.

This is also a situation where I've worked with so many people who can't even control themselves.

Their day -to -day experience of life is there are

so many things that I know would be good for me that have a high probability of success.

If I just did this, everything would be great.

Simplest example of this is emailing my professor just to let them know, hey, I won't be able to turn in my paper on time.

Can I have an extension?

It's like 30 seconds of work.

And yet, even though there's so much stuff that we could do that would be good for us, we cannot bring ourselves to do it.

Cue dopamine addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction, porn addiction, take your pick.

And so what we see with this nihilistic penguin is exactly what we wish we could do.

The penguin is faced with a situation where there is no chance of success,

no chance of survival, and yet it is able to muster up the energy to give everything

that it's got for some impossible task.

And this is the basic thing that I see in the majority of people today is like, they just can't give life their effort, right?

This idea of like, give me liberty or give me death, going all in, giving everything you've got, this thing that we love as human beings,

this thing that we respect as human beings, like the ultimate respect that we give human beings are people who give it their all.

And I can't even give it 25%.

And when people watch this video, like the comments are like, this penguin may not survive, but he'll certainly live.

Ah, what nobility.

And then here's what's really scary about this is like, when we look at this penguin, a lot of people will say like, there's no purpose.

There's no triumph of the human spirit or the penguin spirit.

This is just like a biological error.

Like there's nothing going on here that like the brain is malfunctioning.

The penguin is running towards the mountains.

It'll certainly die there.

There's like no chance of survival.

It's not accomplished anything like this triumph of the penguin spirit is just a bug.

And there's actually good, like, scientific evidence to support this, not just in penguins, but in humans as well.

And then we get to this really scary thought

because here we are as human beings striving for meaning and striving for purpose.

But there's a lot of biological evidence that this crap doesn't exist.

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A really good example of this is more from the field of psychology, but in something called Terror Management Theory.

So here's basically what

Terror Management Theory says.

So as living organisms, we have one goal, which is survival.

There's also one thing that is guaranteed when an organism becomes born in the world, which is that it is going to die.

So everything in our wiring is wired to survive.

Death is inevitable.

Now, this is not a problem for most organisms.

If I'm a bacteria, I have no sense of my mortality.

If I'm a frog, if I'm a deer, if I'm a lion, we have really no evidence that primates

or lions or any kinds of organisms are aware that they will die one day, except for humans, because we as humans are different.

We know that we're going to die, right?

We have we've reached this cognitive plateau, which creates a problem because here we are wired to survive, but we have the knowledge of certain death.

So how does an organism fix this fundamentally irreconcilable thing?

And that's where terror management theory comes in.

What terror management theory says is that we're human beings.

We all are afraid of death.

So organisms are wired for survival and all organisms die.

So this is not a problem if you're like an amoeba.

It's not a problem if you're a frog, because frogs don't have a clear sense of their mortality.

The problem is when you achieve a certain cognitive layer, a cognitive capability, you're wired for survival and you know you're going to die.

So how does our biology reconcile that we're wired to survive and we're definitely going to die?

So the main goal, the main game we are trying to win, we will definitely lose.

And that's where terror management theory basically says that the way

that we reconcile this fear of death is by like inventing some sense of like immortality.

The sense of meaning and purpose and self -esteem and all of these like good things in life,

all of these triumphs of the human spirit are basically biological copium to reconcile against this idea of death.

We've evolved the delusion of purpose to keep the terror of our certain death,

which is like runs contrary to our basic instincts of survival at bay.

And this is what I think is

so scary about the nihilistic penguin is like all of us

are sort of sitting in this situation where we wish we could be doing more.

We want to live life more.

We want to find purpose.

We want to find meaning.

But then on the flip side, there is so much evidence.

100

There's no proof of life after death.

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There's no proof of the existence of God.

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Maybe there is.

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You can leave a comment if you want.

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Right.

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We don't know if we're all like all we have proof of is

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that we're like sacks of meat with electrical activity in this particular skull that gives us a sense of purpose and meaning.

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And then we're kind of stuck because it's like, do I live life?

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Do I look for meaning?

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Do I look for purpose?

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Or is it all a scam?

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And this is what's so scary is that the thing that we strive for could be a biological delusion.

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So how do we resolve this?

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What many people will say is like, oh, like life is a journey and you have to like figure out for yourself,

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which is like sort of a great answer, but honestly, it's a really crappy answer.

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It's sort of like a non -answer.

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There is no answer.

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You have to figure it out for yourself.

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Like, you know, reminds me of the hand clapping meme when someone is drowning, where it's like, okay, you have to figure it out yourself,

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but how do you figure it out?

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And this is where I don't have any profound guidance.

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I'm not like enlightened or divine or anything like that.

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The best that I can give you is sort of my take on this.

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So my parents, you know, raised me in a religious kind of household, kind of culturally religious.

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I would go to temple and things like that, but I didn't really like believe this stuff.

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I remember going to a summer camp when I was like 14 years old

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that my mom really wanted me to go to for this religious organization.

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People would say these things about God and, you know, this is what you should do in reincarnation.

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And I was like, where's your proof, bro?

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I started asking questions and I didn't get any sufficient answers.

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And I was like, okay, like these people don't know what they're talking about.

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I was basically an atheist.

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And then I went to India and I started studying meditation.

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And originally the reason I studied meditation was not about spirituality.

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It was like, okay, I'm going to focus on the neuroscience.

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I'm going to focus on improving my physiology, gaining willpower.

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I wanted observable benefits in the real world through meditation.

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So that's why I moved away from Reiki and started to move towards other kinds of meditation,

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which are scientifically valid because I didn't believe any of this crap.

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And then as I started to meditate, I started to have these weird spiritual experiences.

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And I'll just share one with you that I don't know if I've talked about before.

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But the first time I got an interview for medical school and I went home and I meditated and then I prayed,

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which is not something that I do usually.

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So I prayed and I was like, please, universe, God, whatever, whatever the fuck is out there, please let me get accepted to medical school.

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I've been trying really hard.

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I don't know if it's going to work or not.

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My GPA sucks.

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Please, please, please, please, please let me get accepted to medical school.

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And then I had something called a knowing.

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So this is something that I don't talk about publicly, but I talk about with my patients sometimes,

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which is like, sometimes when you meditate, you know things.

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So it's not a belief.

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It's not an understanding.

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It's not even an aha moment

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The best word I can use to describe it is a knowing

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Maybe you've experienced it and you kind of know what i'm talking about if you haven't it sounds like kooky, right?

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So I just knew

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Like it's not like a voice like I didn't hear something I knew

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that I would not get accepted that year and I knew that it would take me two more years

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And it was like I knew that I had to go through this

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And that it was like the price that I had to pay.

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But it was also kind of reassuring because it was like, I knew that things were going to work out in the end,

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but there would be a lot of pain that was necessary to get me to where I want to go.

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And I was sitting there meditating and I had this profound experience of knowing.

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I started crying and I felt both loved and I felt a lot of pity towards myself.

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Since that moment, I've really appreciated this part of the Bible in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus says, please, Lord,

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let this cup pass from me to like somebody else.

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Like, I don't want to do this.

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If there's any way that you can give me a pass, please let me know.

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And that's something that really resonates with me to this day.

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So when you meditate and you do this kind of stuff, like weird stuff happens.

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And then I was in a, then I had a problem because I was like, what the hell is that?

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Right?

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Is this a delusion?

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Is this some kind of psychological copium?

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Like what's going on here?

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And this explains like why I read all of this stuff, right?

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So I have this paper on terror management theory.

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I read a bunch of other papers about the nature of nihilism

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and human meaning and human existence and psychology and neuroscience and all this kind of crap, because I'm looking for answers.

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So I've read probably about 3 ,000 peer -reviewed publications since I started

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Healthy Gamer looking for answers.

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And so through a series of 20 years of meditative experiences and getting married and having kids, I kind of found purpose,

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believed in dharma, believed in karma and all this stuff.

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And I was like, great, I figured it out.

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Now here's the really scary thing, I'm sliding back towards atheism.

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And I got dragged into not theism, but the idea that there is more in this world than is materially visible.

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So I had enough experiences and they kept happening once every like two or three years or so.

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That was really profound.

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And when this happens to you for 20 years and you get like hit with these things, you get dragged into believing there is more.

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The really scary thing is over the last year or two, I'm being dragged in the opposite direction.

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As I learn more about biology, as I learn more about neuroscience, as I learn more about psychology, about things like adaptive misbelief,

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I'm starting to really wonder whether all of the stuff that I learned is just delusions in my brain, that I've evolved.

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The biology of my system is designed to give me copium, is designed to give me something called adaptive misbelief,

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which are things that are not true, but are adaptive for the organism.

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So is all of this stuff that I experienced real, or is it just the highest level of copium?

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I don't know.

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At the end of the day, it's incredibly fascinating, but I don't know.

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And I think this is where y 'all have to tell us, right?

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So do you think this is something noble?

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Do you think that there's some kind of atma or soul that has inhabited the penguin, that the penguin is exploring the frontiers of its environment,

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just like human beings did when they were like thousands of years ago?

202

Or is it all just a biological malfunction?

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Discussing My Beliefs.”為素材。這段影片共有 202 個句子、2598 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 12:53。說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 202 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 83% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
penguin 名詞	/ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/	企鵝 /企鵝
organism 名詞	/ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/	生物, 有機體 /有機體
terror 名詞	/ˈtɛɹɚ/	詭異的事物 /詭異的事物, 恐怖
wire 名詞	/ˈwaɪɚ/	線 /線, 鐵絲 /鐵絲
scary 形容詞	/ˈskɛə.ɹi/	恐怖
survival 名詞	/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/	生存
biological 形容詞	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	生物
addiction 名詞	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	成癮 /成癮
triumph 名詞	/ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/	凱旋 /凱旋, 勝利 /勝利
meditation 名詞	/mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/	沉思
psychology 名詞	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	心理學 /心理學
drag 動詞	/dɹæɡ/	拖
biology 名詞	/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	生物學 /生物學
cognitive 形容詞	/ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/	認知的 /認知的
strive 動詞	/ˈstɹaɪv/	努力, 奮鬥 /奮鬥

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
check out 動詞	退房
end up 動詞	到達
go through 動詞	通過 /通過
take off 動詞	脫 /脫

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：

Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
Can I have an extension?
Do I look for meaning?
Do I look for purpose?
And I was like, where's your proof, bro?

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've worked · we've reached · We've evolved
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	being taken · is faced · is guaranteed
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	someone who went · berries, which are · people who can

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 64 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, don't, we're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
長單詞——注意重音位置: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: triumph /ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/, drag /dɹæɡ/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 penguin, organism, terror 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中出現的短語動詞

值得反覆跟讀的句子

影片中的語法

需要注意的發音

如何用這段影片練習

什麼是跟讀法？