쉐도잉 연습: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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He would neither go towards the feeding grounds at the edge of the ice, nor return to the colony.

Shortly afterwards, we saw him heading straight towards the mountains some 70 kilometers away. But why?

Alrighty, chat.

Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.

So this is a case of a penguin

that instead of staying safe with like all of the other nesting penguins

or traveling to the ocean where it will presumably get food, it looks towards the mountains and takes off.

And there's something like incredibly noble about this, right?

So people watch this and they're sort of like, wow, this is like the triumph of the human spirit.

I think a great example of epic meaning being epic failure is into the wild.

So this is a story of someone who went into the wilderness and then basically starved to death.

He started to eat something I think called potato berries, which are, he was so hungry that he found these things that looked like potatoes,

but are actually toxic when ingested in large quantities.

And then he ends up sort of dying alone, poisoning himself.

And this is what we turn into movies.

And if we want to understand why people are so into this, we got to understand the basic problem that human beings face in today's world.

We no longer have the capacity for self -determination.

So the world on a macroscopic level, there's inflation, there's war, there's the existential threat of AI.

I recently talked to a buddy of mine who's in a PhD or teaches in a PhD program.

And she was telling me how hard it is for like new PhD graduates to find entry -level jobs

because they're all being taken by AI.

So we're like fundamentally like losing control.

And it's not just the macroscopic forces.

This is also a situation where I've worked with so many people who can't even control themselves.

Their day -to -day experience of life is there are

so many things that I know would be good for me that have a high probability of success.

If I just did this, everything would be great.

Simplest example of this is emailing my professor just to let them know, hey, I won't be able to turn in my paper on time.

Can I have an extension?

It's like 30 seconds of work.

And yet, even though there's so much stuff that we could do that would be good for us, we cannot bring ourselves to do it.

Cue dopamine addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction, porn addiction, take your pick.

And so what we see with this nihilistic penguin is exactly what we wish we could do.

The penguin is faced with a situation where there is no chance of success,

no chance of survival, and yet it is able to muster up the energy to give everything

that it's got for some impossible task.

And this is the basic thing that I see in the majority of people today is like, they just can't give life their effort, right?

This idea of like, give me liberty or give me death, going all in, giving everything you've got, this thing that we love as human beings,

this thing that we respect as human beings, like the ultimate respect that we give human beings are people who give it their all.

And I can't even give it 25%.

And when people watch this video, like the comments are like, this penguin may not survive, but he'll certainly live.

Ah, what nobility.

And then here's what's really scary about this is like, when we look at this penguin, a lot of people will say like, there's no purpose.

There's no triumph of the human spirit or the penguin spirit.

This is just like a biological error.

Like there's nothing going on here that like the brain is malfunctioning.

The penguin is running towards the mountains.

It'll certainly die there.

There's like no chance of survival.

It's not accomplished anything like this triumph of the penguin spirit is just a bug.

And there's actually good, like, scientific evidence to support this, not just in penguins, but in humans as well.

And then we get to this really scary thought

because here we are as human beings striving for meaning and striving for purpose.

But there's a lot of biological evidence that this crap doesn't exist.

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A really good example of this is more from the field of psychology, but in something called Terror Management Theory.

So here's basically what

Terror Management Theory says.

So as living organisms, we have one goal, which is survival.

There's also one thing that is guaranteed when an organism becomes born in the world, which is that it is going to die.

So everything in our wiring is wired to survive.

Death is inevitable.

Now, this is not a problem for most organisms.

If I'm a bacteria, I have no sense of my mortality.

If I'm a frog, if I'm a deer, if I'm a lion, we have really no evidence that primates

or lions or any kinds of organisms are aware that they will die one day, except for humans, because we as humans are different.

We know that we're going to die, right?

We have we've reached this cognitive plateau, which creates a problem because here we are wired to survive, but we have the knowledge of certain death.

So how does an organism fix this fundamentally irreconcilable thing?

And that's where terror management theory comes in.

What terror management theory says is that we're human beings.

We all are afraid of death.

So organisms are wired for survival and all organisms die.

So this is not a problem if you're like an amoeba.

It's not a problem if you're a frog, because frogs don't have a clear sense of their mortality.

The problem is when you achieve a certain cognitive layer, a cognitive capability, you're wired for survival and you know you're going to die.

So how does our biology reconcile that we're wired to survive and we're definitely going to die?

So the main goal, the main game we are trying to win, we will definitely lose.

And that's where terror management theory basically says that the way

that we reconcile this fear of death is by like inventing some sense of like immortality.

The sense of meaning and purpose and self -esteem and all of these like good things in life,

all of these triumphs of the human spirit are basically biological copium to reconcile against this idea of death.

We've evolved the delusion of purpose to keep the terror of our certain death,

which is like runs contrary to our basic instincts of survival at bay.

And this is what I think is

so scary about the nihilistic penguin is like all of us

are sort of sitting in this situation where we wish we could be doing more.

We want to live life more.

We want to find purpose.

We want to find meaning.

But then on the flip side, there is so much evidence.

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There's no proof of life after death.

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There's no proof of the existence of God.

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Maybe there is.

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You can leave a comment if you want.

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Right.

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We don't know if we're all like all we have proof of is

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that we're like sacks of meat with electrical activity in this particular skull that gives us a sense of purpose and meaning.

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And then we're kind of stuck because it's like, do I live life?

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Do I look for meaning?

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Do I look for purpose?

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Or is it all a scam?

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And this is what's so scary is that the thing that we strive for could be a biological delusion.

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So how do we resolve this?

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What many people will say is like, oh, like life is a journey and you have to like figure out for yourself,

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which is like sort of a great answer, but honestly, it's a really crappy answer.

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It's sort of like a non -answer.

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There is no answer.

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You have to figure it out for yourself.

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Like, you know, reminds me of the hand clapping meme when someone is drowning, where it's like, okay, you have to figure it out yourself,

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but how do you figure it out?

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And this is where I don't have any profound guidance.

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I'm not like enlightened or divine or anything like that.

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The best that I can give you is sort of my take on this.

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So my parents, you know, raised me in a religious kind of household, kind of culturally religious.

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I would go to temple and things like that, but I didn't really like believe this stuff.

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I remember going to a summer camp when I was like 14 years old

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that my mom really wanted me to go to for this religious organization.

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People would say these things about God and, you know, this is what you should do in reincarnation.

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And I was like, where's your proof, bro?

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I started asking questions and I didn't get any sufficient answers.

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And I was like, okay, like these people don't know what they're talking about.

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I was basically an atheist.

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And then I went to India and I started studying meditation.

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And originally the reason I studied meditation was not about spirituality.

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It was like, okay, I'm going to focus on the neuroscience.

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I'm going to focus on improving my physiology, gaining willpower.

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I wanted observable benefits in the real world through meditation.

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So that's why I moved away from Reiki and started to move towards other kinds of meditation,

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which are scientifically valid because I didn't believe any of this crap.

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And then as I started to meditate, I started to have these weird spiritual experiences.

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And I'll just share one with you that I don't know if I've talked about before.

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But the first time I got an interview for medical school and I went home and I meditated and then I prayed,

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which is not something that I do usually.

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So I prayed and I was like, please, universe, God, whatever, whatever the fuck is out there, please let me get accepted to medical school.

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I've been trying really hard.

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I don't know if it's going to work or not.

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My GPA sucks.

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Please, please, please, please, please let me get accepted to medical school.

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And then I had something called a knowing.

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So this is something that I don't talk about publicly, but I talk about with my patients sometimes,

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which is like, sometimes when you meditate, you know things.

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So it's not a belief.

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It's not an understanding.

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It's not even an aha moment

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The best word I can use to describe it is a knowing

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Maybe you've experienced it and you kind of know what i'm talking about if you haven't it sounds like kooky, right?

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So I just knew

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Like it's not like a voice like I didn't hear something I knew

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that I would not get accepted that year and I knew that it would take me two more years

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And it was like I knew that I had to go through this

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And that it was like the price that I had to pay.

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But it was also kind of reassuring because it was like, I knew that things were going to work out in the end,

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but there would be a lot of pain that was necessary to get me to where I want to go.

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And I was sitting there meditating and I had this profound experience of knowing.

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I started crying and I felt both loved and I felt a lot of pity towards myself.

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Since that moment, I've really appreciated this part of the Bible in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus says, please, Lord,

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let this cup pass from me to like somebody else.

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Like, I don't want to do this.

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If there's any way that you can give me a pass, please let me know.

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And that's something that really resonates with me to this day.

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So when you meditate and you do this kind of stuff, like weird stuff happens.

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And then I was in a, then I had a problem because I was like, what the hell is that?

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Right?

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Is this a delusion?

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Is this some kind of psychological copium?

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Like what's going on here?

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And this explains like why I read all of this stuff, right?

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So I have this paper on terror management theory.

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I read a bunch of other papers about the nature of nihilism

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and human meaning and human existence and psychology and neuroscience and all this kind of crap, because I'm looking for answers.

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So I've read probably about 3 ,000 peer -reviewed publications since I started

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Healthy Gamer looking for answers.

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And so through a series of 20 years of meditative experiences and getting married and having kids, I kind of found purpose,

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believed in dharma, believed in karma and all this stuff.

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And I was like, great, I figured it out.

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Now here's the really scary thing, I'm sliding back towards atheism.

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And I got dragged into not theism, but the idea that there is more in this world than is materially visible.

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So I had enough experiences and they kept happening once every like two or three years or so.

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That was really profound.

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And when this happens to you for 20 years and you get like hit with these things, you get dragged into believing there is more.

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The really scary thing is over the last year or two, I'm being dragged in the opposite direction.

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As I learn more about biology, as I learn more about neuroscience, as I learn more about psychology, about things like adaptive misbelief,

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I'm starting to really wonder whether all of the stuff that I learned is just delusions in my brain, that I've evolved.

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The biology of my system is designed to give me copium, is designed to give me something called adaptive misbelief,

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which are things that are not true, but are adaptive for the organism.

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So is all of this stuff that I experienced real, or is it just the highest level of copium?

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I don't know.

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At the end of the day, it's incredibly fascinating, but I don't know.

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And I think this is where y 'all have to tell us, right?

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So do you think this is something noble?

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Do you think that there's some kind of atma or soul that has inhabited the penguin, that the penguin is exploring the frontiers of its environment,

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just like human beings did when they were like thousands of years ago?

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Or is it all just a biological malfunction?

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Discussing My Beliefs.”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 202개와 단어 2598개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 12:53입니다. 화자는 분당 약 202단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
penguin 명사	/ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/	펭귄
organism 명사	/ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/	생물, 유기체
terror 명사	/ˈtɛɹɚ/	공포
wire 명사	/ˈwaɪɚ/	철사
scary 형용사	/ˈskɛə.ɹi/	공포의, 무섭다
survival 명사	/sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/	생존
biological 형용사	/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/	생물학의
addiction 명사	/əˈdɪkˌʃən/	중독, 탐닉
triumph 명사	/ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/	승리
psychology 명사	/saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	심리학
drag 동사	/dɹæɡ/	끌다
biology 명사	/baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/	생물학
profound 형용사	/pɹəˈfaʊnd/	심오한
strive 동사	/ˈstɹaɪv/	노력하다, 애쓰다
pray 동사	/pɹeɪ/	빌다, 기도하다

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
take off 동사	벗다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
Can I have an extension?
Do I look for meaning?
Do I look for purpose?
And I was like, where's your proof, bro?

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	I've worked · we've reached · We've evolved
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	being taken · is faced · is guaranteed
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	someone who went · berries, which are · people who can

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, don't, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 64번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: triumph /ˈtɹaɪ̯əmf/, profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, penguin, organism, terror 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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