शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Discussing My Beliefs.. (Nihilism) - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें
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202 वाक्य
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He would neither go towards the feeding grounds at the edge of the ice, nor return to the colony.
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Shortly afterwards, we saw him heading straight towards the mountains some 70 kilometers away. But why?
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Alrighty, chat.
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Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
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So this is a case of a penguin
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that instead of staying safe with like all of the other nesting penguins
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or traveling to the ocean where it will presumably get food, it looks towards the mountains and takes off.
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And there's something like incredibly noble about this, right?
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So people watch this and they're sort of like, wow, this is like the triumph of the human spirit.
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I think a great example of epic meaning being epic failure is into the wild.
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So this is a story of someone who went into the wilderness and then basically starved to death.
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He started to eat something I think called potato berries, which are, he was so hungry that he found these things that looked like potatoes,
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but are actually toxic when ingested in large quantities.
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And then he ends up sort of dying alone, poisoning himself.
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And this is what we turn into movies.
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And if we want to understand why people are so into this, we got to understand the basic problem that human beings face in today's world.
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We no longer have the capacity for self -determination.
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So the world on a macroscopic level, there's inflation, there's war, there's the existential threat of AI.
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I recently talked to a buddy of mine who's in a PhD or teaches in a PhD program.
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And she was telling me how hard it is for like new PhD graduates to find entry -level jobs
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because they're all being taken by AI.
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So we're like fundamentally like losing control.
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And it's not just the macroscopic forces.
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This is also a situation where I've worked with so many people who can't even control themselves.
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Their day -to -day experience of life is there are
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so many things that I know would be good for me that have a high probability of success.
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If I just did this, everything would be great.
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Simplest example of this is emailing my professor just to let them know, hey, I won't be able to turn in my paper on time.
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Can I have an extension?
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It's like 30 seconds of work.
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And yet, even though there's so much stuff that we could do that would be good for us, we cannot bring ourselves to do it.
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Cue dopamine addiction, social media addiction, video game addiction, porn addiction, take your pick.
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And so what we see with this nihilistic penguin is exactly what we wish we could do.
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The penguin is faced with a situation where there is no chance of success,
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no chance of survival, and yet it is able to muster up the energy to give everything
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that it's got for some impossible task.
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And this is the basic thing that I see in the majority of people today is like, they just can't give life their effort, right?
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This idea of like, give me liberty or give me death, going all in, giving everything you've got, this thing that we love as human beings,
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this thing that we respect as human beings, like the ultimate respect that we give human beings are people who give it their all.
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And I can't even give it 25%.
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And when people watch this video, like the comments are like, this penguin may not survive, but he'll certainly live.
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Ah, what nobility.
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And then here's what's really scary about this is like, when we look at this penguin, a lot of people will say like, there's no purpose.
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There's no triumph of the human spirit or the penguin spirit.
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This is just like a biological error.
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Like there's nothing going on here that like the brain is malfunctioning.
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The penguin is running towards the mountains.
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It'll certainly die there.
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There's like no chance of survival.
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It's not accomplished anything like this triumph of the penguin spirit is just a bug.
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And there's actually good, like, scientific evidence to support this, not just in penguins, but in humans as well.
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And then we get to this really scary thought
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because here we are as human beings striving for meaning and striving for purpose.
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But there's a lot of biological evidence that this crap doesn't exist.
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A really good example of this is more from the field of psychology, but in something called Terror Management Theory.
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So here's basically what
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Terror Management Theory says.
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So as living organisms, we have one goal, which is survival.
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There's also one thing that is guaranteed when an organism becomes born in the world, which is that it is going to die.
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So everything in our wiring is wired to survive.
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Death is inevitable.
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Now, this is not a problem for most organisms.
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If I'm a bacteria, I have no sense of my mortality.
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If I'm a frog, if I'm a deer, if I'm a lion, we have really no evidence that primates
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or lions or any kinds of organisms are aware that they will die one day, except for humans, because we as humans are different.
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We know that we're going to die, right?
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We have we've reached this cognitive plateau, which creates a problem because here we are wired to survive, but we have the knowledge of certain death.
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So how does an organism fix this fundamentally irreconcilable thing?
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And that's where terror management theory comes in.
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What terror management theory says is that we're human beings.
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We all are afraid of death.
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So organisms are wired for survival and all organisms die.
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So this is not a problem if you're like an amoeba.
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It's not a problem if you're a frog, because frogs don't have a clear sense of their mortality.
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The problem is when you achieve a certain cognitive layer, a cognitive capability, you're wired for survival and you know you're going to die.
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So how does our biology reconcile that we're wired to survive and we're definitely going to die?
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So the main goal, the main game we are trying to win, we will definitely lose.
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And that's where terror management theory basically says that the way
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that we reconcile this fear of death is by like inventing some sense of like immortality.
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The sense of meaning and purpose and self -esteem and all of these like good things in life,
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all of these triumphs of the human spirit are basically biological copium to reconcile against this idea of death.
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We've evolved the delusion of purpose to keep the terror of our certain death,
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which is like runs contrary to our basic instincts of survival at bay.
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And this is what I think is
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so scary about the nihilistic penguin is like all of us
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are sort of sitting in this situation where we wish we could be doing more.
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We want to live life more.
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We want to find purpose.
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We want to find meaning.
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But then on the flip side, there is so much evidence.
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There's no proof of life after death.
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There's no proof of the existence of God.
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Maybe there is.
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You can leave a comment if you want.
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Right.
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We don't know if we're all like all we have proof of is
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that we're like sacks of meat with electrical activity in this particular skull that gives us a sense of purpose and meaning.
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And then we're kind of stuck because it's like, do I live life?
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Do I look for meaning?
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Do I look for purpose?
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Or is it all a scam?
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And this is what's so scary is that the thing that we strive for could be a biological delusion.
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So how do we resolve this?
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What many people will say is like, oh, like life is a journey and you have to like figure out for yourself,
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which is like sort of a great answer, but honestly, it's a really crappy answer.
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It's sort of like a non -answer.
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There is no answer.
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You have to figure it out for yourself.
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Like, you know, reminds me of the hand clapping meme when someone is drowning, where it's like, okay, you have to figure it out yourself,
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but how do you figure it out?
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And this is where I don't have any profound guidance.
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I'm not like enlightened or divine or anything like that.
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The best that I can give you is sort of my take on this.
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So my parents, you know, raised me in a religious kind of household, kind of culturally religious.
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I would go to temple and things like that, but I didn't really like believe this stuff.
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I remember going to a summer camp when I was like 14 years old
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that my mom really wanted me to go to for this religious organization.
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People would say these things about God and, you know, this is what you should do in reincarnation.
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And I was like, where's your proof, bro?
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I started asking questions and I didn't get any sufficient answers.
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And I was like, okay, like these people don't know what they're talking about.
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I was basically an atheist.
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And then I went to India and I started studying meditation.
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And originally the reason I studied meditation was not about spirituality.
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It was like, okay, I'm going to focus on the neuroscience.
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I'm going to focus on improving my physiology, gaining willpower.
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I wanted observable benefits in the real world through meditation.
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So that's why I moved away from Reiki and started to move towards other kinds of meditation,
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which are scientifically valid because I didn't believe any of this crap.
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And then as I started to meditate, I started to have these weird spiritual experiences.
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And I'll just share one with you that I don't know if I've talked about before.
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But the first time I got an interview for medical school and I went home and I meditated and then I prayed,
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which is not something that I do usually.
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So I prayed and I was like, please, universe, God, whatever, whatever the fuck is out there, please let me get accepted to medical school.
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I've been trying really hard.
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I don't know if it's going to work or not.
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My GPA sucks.
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Please, please, please, please, please let me get accepted to medical school.
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And then I had something called a knowing.
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So this is something that I don't talk about publicly, but I talk about with my patients sometimes,
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which is like, sometimes when you meditate, you know things.
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So it's not a belief.
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It's not an understanding.
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It's not even an aha moment
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The best word I can use to describe it is a knowing
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Maybe you've experienced it and you kind of know what i'm talking about if you haven't it sounds like kooky, right?
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So I just knew
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Like it's not like a voice like I didn't hear something I knew
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that I would not get accepted that year and I knew that it would take me two more years
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And it was like I knew that I had to go through this
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And that it was like the price that I had to pay.
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But it was also kind of reassuring because it was like, I knew that things were going to work out in the end,
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but there would be a lot of pain that was necessary to get me to where I want to go.
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And I was sitting there meditating and I had this profound experience of knowing.
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I started crying and I felt both loved and I felt a lot of pity towards myself.
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Since that moment, I've really appreciated this part of the Bible in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus says, please, Lord,
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let this cup pass from me to like somebody else.
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Like, I don't want to do this.
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If there's any way that you can give me a pass, please let me know.
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And that's something that really resonates with me to this day.
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So when you meditate and you do this kind of stuff, like weird stuff happens.
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And then I was in a, then I had a problem because I was like, what the hell is that?
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Right?
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Is this a delusion?
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Is this some kind of psychological copium?
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Like what's going on here?
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And this explains like why I read all of this stuff, right?
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So I have this paper on terror management theory.
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I read a bunch of other papers about the nature of nihilism
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and human meaning and human existence and psychology and neuroscience and all this kind of crap, because I'm looking for answers.
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So I've read probably about 3 ,000 peer -reviewed publications since I started
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Healthy Gamer looking for answers.
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And so through a series of 20 years of meditative experiences and getting married and having kids, I kind of found purpose,
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believed in dharma, believed in karma and all this stuff.
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And I was like, great, I figured it out.
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Now here's the really scary thing, I'm sliding back towards atheism.
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And I got dragged into not theism, but the idea that there is more in this world than is materially visible.
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So I had enough experiences and they kept happening once every like two or three years or so.
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That was really profound.
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And when this happens to you for 20 years and you get like hit with these things, you get dragged into believing there is more.
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The really scary thing is over the last year or two, I'm being dragged in the opposite direction.
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As I learn more about biology, as I learn more about neuroscience, as I learn more about psychology, about things like adaptive misbelief,
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I'm starting to really wonder whether all of the stuff that I learned is just delusions in my brain, that I've evolved.
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The biology of my system is designed to give me copium, is designed to give me something called adaptive misbelief,
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which are things that are not true, but are adaptive for the organism.
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So is all of this stuff that I experienced real, or is it just the highest level of copium?
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I don't know.
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At the end of the day, it's incredibly fascinating, but I don't know.
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And I think this is where y 'all have to tell us, right?
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So do you think this is something noble?
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Do you think that there's some kind of atma or soul that has inhabited the penguin, that the penguin is exploring the frontiers of its environment,
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just like human beings did when they were like thousands of years ago?
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Or is it all just a biological malfunction?
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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव
यह स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Discussing My Beliefs.” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 202 वाक्य और 2598 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 12:53 लंबा है। वक्ता तेज़ बोलता है, लगभग 202 शब्द प्रति मिनट, इसलिए जुड़ी हुई और कमज़ोर ध्वनियाँ ज़्यादा मिलेंगी। 83% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं; बाकी शब्द अभ्यास से पहले देख लेना अच्छा रहेगा।
इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली
वीडियो के 15 सीखने लायक शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:
| शब्द | उच्चारण | अर्थ |
|---|---|---|
| penguin संज्ञा | /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/ | पेंगुइन |
| organism संज्ञा | /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ | जीव |
| terror संज्ञा | /ˈtɛɹɚ/ | दहशत, वहशत |
| wire संज्ञा | /ˈwaɪɚ/ | तार |
| scary विशेषण | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | भयानक, डरावना |
| addiction संज्ञा | /əˈdɪkˌʃən/ | व्यसन |
| meditation संज्ञा | /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/ | चिंतन, मनन |
| psychology संज्ञा | /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | मनोविज्ञान, मानसशास्त्र |
| drag क्रिया | /dɹæɡ/ | घसीटना, खींचना |
| biology संज्ञा | /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ | जीवविज्ञान, जैविकी |
| profound विशेषण | /pɹəˈfaʊnd/ | गहन |
| strive क्रिया | /ˈstɹaɪv/ | प्रयास करना, उद्यम करना |
| pray क्रिया | /pɹeɪ/ | प्रार्थना करना |
| epic संज्ञा | /ˈɛp.ɪk/ | महाकाव्य |
| lion संज्ञा | /ˈlaɪən/ | सिंह, शेर |
वीडियो में आने वाली फ़्रेज़ल वर्ब
| शब्द | अर्थ |
|---|---|
| take off क्रिया | उतारना |
दोहराने लायक वाक्य
वीडियो के छोटे, पूरे वाक्य जिन्हें आप रोज़ की बातचीत में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं:
- Today we're going to talk about the nihilistic penguin.
- Can I have an extension?
- Do I look for meaning?
- Do I look for purpose?
- And I was like, where's your proof, bro?
इस वीडियो का व्याकरण
वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:
| संरचना | वीडियो में |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है | I've worked · we've reached · We've evolved |
| Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है | being taken · is faced · is guaranteed |
| Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी | someone who went · berries, which are · people who can |
ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण
वक्ता 64 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे I'm, don't, we're। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।
- “th” की ध्वनियाँ: atheist /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪst/, atheism /ˈeɪ.θi.ɪ.zəm/, theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/
- “sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: addiction /əˈdɪkˌʃən/, meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃn̩/, shortly /ˈʃɔɹtli/, extension /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/, publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
- लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/
हिंदी भाषियों के लिए मुश्किल ध्वनियाँ:
- /v/ और /w/ का फ़र्क़ — /v/ में ऊपर के दाँत निचले होंठ को छूते हैं, /w/ में होंठ गोल होते हैं: penguin /ˈpɛŋ.ɡwɪn/, wire /ˈwaɪɚ/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/
- /z/ — इसे “ज” (/dʒ/) न बनाएँ: organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/, afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/, resolve /ɹɪˈzɑlv/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/
- शब्द की शुरुआत में s + व्यंजन — पहले “इ” न जोड़ें: scary /ˈskɛə.ɹi/, strive /ˈstɹaɪv/, spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/, slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, scam /ˈskæm/
इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें
- पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
- 0.75× गति से शुरू करें, एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें, और सहज लगने पर सामान्य गति पर लौटें।
- अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर penguin, organism, terror जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।
शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?
शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।