ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: How To Be Dangerously Self-Educated | Napoleon's Philosophy
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Napoleon Bonaparte is a well -known self -educator and is often cited as being a huge bookworm.
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And even before becoming emperor, he wrote a manuscript for a novella which ended up never being published in his lifetime.
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And while there are so many videos and books and articles about the highly talked about controversial figure of the past,
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I hardly see any videos go into depth around his strategies for learning
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and how he was able to retain so much of the information that he'd studied from books because even on war campaigns,
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he would study books on war history.
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He would read fiction novels.
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He would read Plato, Socrates.
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He was a huge bookworm.
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And even while in the midst of travel, in the midst of warfare, right in the thick of it,
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he would still continue to study and take notes.
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And so I thought it'd be a good idea to look at his three major strategies for self -education
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and what we can learn from it and how we can apply it in our own day -to -day life.
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And so without further ado, let's get into his first tip for self -learning, which is to take notes in the book.
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He was a huge writer in all of the books that he'd read.
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He wouldn't just write notes on other pieces of paper,
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but he would write notes in the margins of each page of the book that he was reading.
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And the reported reason for why he did this is
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so he can actually have a dialogue with the person who wrote the book.
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When he'd read something that perhaps he disagreed with, he would argue with it in the margins.
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If he read something that he did agree with, then he would underline it and write why he agreed with it.
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This allowed him to be in a constant flow and dialogue with the book, which allows you to retain more information once you're done reading it.
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And there have been countless studies which have proven this to be very true.
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But also another reason for why he would do that is because when he'd come back and read the book,
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potentially six months later or a year later, he would be able to see where his head was at at the time of reading the book
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and know if he's changed his opinion or
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if potentially what he was arguing against he now believes to be true because he's had more life experience.
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It allows you to actually see the growth of your own education
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and go back to books and remember what you were thinking about the first time you read it.
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That allows you to continue your educational growth and also not forget lessons that you'd learned in the past.
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Because I think we can all relate to this where we remember more information from debates
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and arguments that we've had with other people than we do from most of the books that we read.
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And so by actually arguing with the book
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and being alive in the book and treating the book as something that's living right now and not just something to read,
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but something to actively engage with will allow you to retain
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so much more information and go deeper into the words that are being written.
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As it's one thing to write notes on another piece of paper
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or to contemplate the page or the chapter you just read after reading it,
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but it's another to actually engage with it like it's its own living thing.
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And honestly, I have tried this and I really, really enjoy it.
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I'm a huge note taker, but I don't just take notes in other books now.
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I now take notes in the books that I'm reading and write on the side of the page.
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However, I will say
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it does ruin the option of being able to pass the book over to someone else as potentially
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you wrote some very private information that you want to keep to yourself
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and you have to buy another copy if you plan on sharing books
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or giving away books that you like as a gift.
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But with that said, let's move on to tip number two from Napoleon for becoming a self -educator,
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and that is to read books under stress and plan to put it into immediate action.
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And like I said earlier in the video, Napoleon would read books while in the middle of warfare.
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And the reason he did this is that he believed that
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if you were under stress and you had to read with a purpose
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and retain information and read for a strategic advantage in whatever you're campaigning against or whatever you're looking to do in life,
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then you will have to put it into immediate application.
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And if you're putting it into immediate application, you want to extract the best knowledge and the best tips
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and the best strategic advice that you can from these books and put it into your life straight away.
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So you're going to remember more, but you're also going to be able to see if those lessons work.
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Now, of course, most of us are not gonna be in the middle of a military war campaign.
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We're not gonna have that level of stress.
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But the thing you can take from this is whatever you get from a book, if you find it valuable,
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try and find some way to apply it immediately and see if it actually works for you.
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See if you're comfortable with it.
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See if it's able to work in reality, if it's not just an abstract idea.
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And when you're also reading to put something into application straight away, you're going to be a lot more focused.
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on what you read.
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And once again, it puts you in an engagement with the book.
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It puts you in a dialogue with a book where you're actively seeking any sort of juice
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or informational lessons from the book that you can apply straight away.
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And now this doesn't work for every book that you read,
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because of course you're going to read some books and want to read it for leisure and keep it fun.
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But this is in regards to self -education.
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And I think the best way to learn is to constantly push yourself to put it into practice.
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Because I know, and I'm sure you know, we can all go down rabbit holes where we think we're learning a lot
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because we're watching a lot of videos or reading a lot of books, but we're never putting anything into practice.
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We're never putting anything into action.
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And when you don't do that, then you're not really learning anything.
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Because learning is not just about having the information and knowing what to do, but it's also knowing how you can do it.
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For example, we can all look at videos of the perfect golf swing,
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but if we go out to play golf just because we know what the perfect swing is,
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doesn't mean we're actually going to be able to do it.
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I think that's a really great example as to how important application
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and actually doing it is as opposed to just reading it.
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And so putting yourself in an environment where maybe you're setting a deadline for a paper
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or an essay
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or something you can write in private where you can actively put into application what you're learning
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and try and get some real world feedback
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or see how comfortable it is for you to apply it
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or see where you're struggling to apply the information that you're learning.
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And so it's really just about putting pressure on yourself to not get stuck in
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that loop of constantly consuming and thinking that that is helping you learn
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and thinking that because you can recite things or know things
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that that means you're a learned person and an educated person
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when in reality the learned person also needs to know how it applies in life as well.
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Very similar to that goodwill hunting scene where
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Robin Williams says to Matt Damon, yes, you can tell me what's in the Sistine Chapel.
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You can tell me about specific wars in Spain hundreds of years ago, but you can't tell me how it felt.
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You can't tell me how the Sistine Chapel smelt, what the feeling was in your soul.
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You can't tell me what it was like to love another person.
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And so it's much more about the real world application on top of the theory.
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With that said, moving on to lesson number three from Napoleon, which is to revisit core books all the time.
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Now, Napoleon wouldn't just read a book once, twice, three times, or four times he would go back time and time again.
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He really loved to go back and reread Plato
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and reread different philosophers and different historical biographies on wars because you never know what you've missed.
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And also you can never walk through the same river twice because once you've walked through a river, once you've had an experience,
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once you've read a book, you're therefore a changed person.
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And when you read it again, when you walk through that river again, so to speak, it's going to be a different experience.
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You're going to get something else from that book.
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And what makes the great books so great is the fact
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that they are way too deep and way too complicated to fully grasp everything on the first go.
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And it requires you to live some life on top of just reading.
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And then you can come back to it
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and take something more from it or see where you've grown
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or understand different concepts or just see it in a new way.
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And that is very, very important.
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And so Napoleon was a huge advocate for going back to a certain set of core books.
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Not every book.
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Not every book deserves to be reread over and over again.
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But certain books that are the most important ones, the ones that you hold dear to yourself,
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the ones that you think laid the foundation for your self -education,
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go back and read those time and time again as you're always going to get something else from it.
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If you're reading David Hume, if you're reading Nietzsche, if you're reading Plato, if you're reading Aristotle,
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there are so many great books out there that you can't just read five times or just 10 times.
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You've got to read them at least 20, 30 times over your lifetime in order to have the full
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experience of what those books can do for you in your self -education.
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And I think that was a really important one
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because I think in today's world where we have so many books that are coming out,
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it can be very easy to never go back and reread a great book.
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And when you know that you should, when you know that that's the right thing to do,
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it means that you're going to be very focused on not reading every book that ever gets published, on not going down every rabbit hole.
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You're going to be very focused on what you read.
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You want to read with a purpose.
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You want to choose your books wisely because you want to keep enough mental room,
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enough time in your life to go back and reread those great books.
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It's why I'm honestly, I'm someone who barely reads books that are published in the 21st century,
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because I think there are so many great books in the last 2000 years
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that how can I possibly squeeze much more in there?
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Now, there are some great books that have been published recently, and I do try and get to them,
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but I try my best to be as disciplined in not reading every shiny new object,
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just because it has a good cover just because it might have a nice plot,
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read the important books, the ones that you learn a lot from, go back and reread them time and time again.
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And Napoleon has the same advice there.
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And that wraps up today's video on Napoleon's three tips for self -education.
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And I think this was an important one to talk about because I think a lot of people today are self -educated.
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When you look at the internet, when you look at the boom of educational content on the internet,
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when you look at the boom of philosophy online, that's all people who are looking to be self -educated.
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And I do wanna say it's important to get a real education.
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You know, there's a lot of talk out there that university degrees are pointless today.
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I don't think that's the case.
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I do think they have lost some kind of value.
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They don't potentially hold the same amount of value as they used to have, but they are definitely important.
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But with the rise of self -education, you need to know how to educate.
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You at least need to know how you're going to go about your learning
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and not just read anything and go in any direction.
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You need some kind of structure.
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And so I hope this video helped you in some way.
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There are lots of lessons that I've taken from Napoleon in regards to how he educated himself, not really how he lived his life.
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Some differences there, but in regards to self -education, I've learned a lot from him.
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And I think you guys can too.
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And hopefully there was some information in this video that you did learn from.
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But with that said, hope you guys enjoyed the video and until next time, take care.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “How To Be Dangerously Self-Educated” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 160 ประโยค และ 2308 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 12:10 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 190 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก 90% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| argue คำกริยา | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | เถียง, ถก |
| dialogue คำนาม | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | การสนทนา, บทพูด |
| regards คำนาม | /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/ | ขอแสดงความนับถือ |
| strategic คำคุณศัพท์ | /stɹəˈti.dʒɪk/ | ยุทธศาสตร์ |
| rabbit คำนาม | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | กระต่าย |
| warfare คำนาม | /ˈwɔɹfɛɹ/ | การสู้รบ |
| amidst | /aˈmɪdst/ | ท่ามกลาง |
| complicated คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ | ซับซ้อน |
| thick คำคุณศัพท์ | /θɪk/ | หนา |
| juice คำนาม | /d͡ʒuːs/ | น้ำผลไม้, น้ำ |
| loop คำนาม | /luːp/ | บ่วง |
| emperor คำนาม | /ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/ | จักรพรรดิ, ฮ่องเต้ |
| discipline คำนาม | /ˈdɪsəplɪn/ | วินัย |
| essay คำนาม | /ˈɛs.eɪ/ | ความเรียง, ข้อเขียน |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป |
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- We're not gonna have that level of stress.
- See if you're comfortable with it.
- We're never putting anything into action.
- You're going to get something else from that book.
- I don't think that's the case.
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been · we've had · have tried |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | learning, which is · person who wrote · studies which have |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is often cited · being published · being written |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 68 ครั้ง เช่น you're, we're, you've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, fiction /ˈfɪkʃən/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, leisure /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/, informational /ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃənəl/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/, educator /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/, engage /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/, juice /d͡ʒuːs/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: actively /ˈæktɪvli/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, advocate /ˈæd.və.kət/, novella /nəˈvɛlə/, revisit /ɹiːˈvɪzɪt/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/, oppose /əˈpoʊz/, squeeze /skwiːz/, wisely /ˈwaɪzli/, revisit /ɹiːˈvɪzɪt/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง lesson, argue, dialogue เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ