ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Introduction to Economics Part 2 - Professor Ryan
เลือกโหมดฝึก
แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ
157 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
The scientific study of how individuals, organizations, and societies deal with.
2
OK, what's happening over here?
3
Well, this one's going to be really quick.
4
Basically, this over here is what differentiates microeconomics from macroeconomics.
5
And you are only doing one of these two this semester.
6
Okay?
7
Now, microeconomics focuses on individuals, and organizations.
8
And macroeconomics focuses on whole societies.
9
Okay?
10
So, microeconomics, if this class, If what you're in right now is a microeconomics class, you're going to be learning just about individuals and organizations.
11
If what you're in right now is a macroeconomics class, then we're going to spend the entire semester talking about societies, cities, governments mostly.
12
How do cities make decisions about the problem of scarcity?
13
How do states make decisions?
14
Mostly what we would talk about is how the country, and in particular the United States,
15
how it deals with the problem of scarcity on a large scale with all of the people, not just a handful of the people,
16
not just 20 % of the people, not just 10 % of the people, but they're making decisions about scarcity for all of the people.
17
Whereas in microeconomics, if this is a microeconomics class, we're going to talk a lot about you
18
and how you as an individual make decisions or how how your business or the company that you work for,
19
organizations, how they make decisions about the problem of scarcity, okay?
20
So economics is the scientific study, so we've got assumptions and conclusions about how individuals,
21
organizations, or societies, that would split up whether we're dealing with microeconomics or macroeconomics, how they deal with the problem of scarcity.
22
So in economics, now there's lots of different decisions that we can talk about, but we focus on three main questions in the study of economics.
23
And those three main questions are, first main question, and we call these the three economic questions.
24
You can actually Google that if you want to.
25
Okay, so the three economic questions.
26
And those three economic questions are what?
27
Two is how, and the third question is who or whom.
28
I'll just say who for now, but it's who or whom.
29
Now these three economic questions are answered, or excuse me, the question
30
that is actually asked is going to be a different question whether you are studying microeconomics or macroeconomics. And
31
so we're going to get into more detail on these three
32
questions as we move into the next part of this lesson where we focus on,
33
where I'm going to take you into the actual subject we're talking about this semester.
34
So we'll talk about these three economic questions again
35
when we get into the next section and break off into either microeconomics or macroeconomics, OK?
36
Alright, so, but what does deal with mean?
37
So, what generally refers to the idea of what is it that we should do with our resources?
38
What should, and normally we focus on production, okay?
39
Usually we're dealing with production.
40
What should we make?
41
Or what should we get?
42
What should we focus on?
43
What should you do with your money?
44
If you're going to get food, should you get food at a restaurant, or what kind of food should you actually get?
45
What I just mentioned, that's a how decision.
46
But what should we get?
47
Should we get food, or maybe we shouldn't get any food at all.
48
Maybe we have to make a decision between food and rent, or maybe we have to make a decision between electricity and water.
49
Okay?
50
What should we be getting with our resources?
51
And when we get over here, we're going to be talking a lot about the subject of resources.
52
And we can wait on that.
53
Alright, how.
54
How means how are we going to get the resources?
55
How are we going to get what we need?
56
Or how are we going to get what we want?
57
The how question is usually what's called the, write or buy.
58
decision.
59
And here's what I mean by that.
60
How are we going to deal with this fact that we need food?
61
Let's say that you know that you need milk.
62
Well, mainly there's two ways of getting milk.
63
You can either go to the store and buy milk
64
or you can have a cow in your backyard and you can go milk the cow yourself.
65
That is called the make or buy decision.
66
And all economic agents, all individuals, organizations and societies, they have to decide when they need something,
67
are they going to get it by making it themselves or are they going to get it by buying it?
68
Here's an interesting, I think it's an interesting example.
69
For example, when I was in college, I went to Palm Beach Atlantic University,
70
and when I was in college and I lived in my dorm in the Towers residence hall, I wanted a desk.
71
I had two choices.
72
I could go to the store and buy a desk, or I could make a desk myself.
73
Well ultimately I decided to make the desk, and here's why.
74
Every desk that I saw in the stores did not have what it was that I wanted.
75
I wanted a certain number of drawers.
76
I wanted to fit certain things into the drawers.
77
I wanted the desk to have a certain depth to it.
78
I wanted it to be high enough.
79
All the desks that I saw
80
that I could buy all seemed to be a little too small and they didn't have all the features that I wanted.
81
And therefore, because what I wanted was a desk with certain features,
82
I decided that how I was going to get that desk was by making the desk.
83
Now, what turned out is it cost about twice as much money,
84
maybe more, to make the desk I wanted than it would have cost for me to just buy it.
85
So going back in time, I might have decided to just buy the desk instead of making the desk.
86
But it was a good desk.
87
I used it a lot, and it served me really, really well.
88
But that was me dealing with a problem.
89
And the problem that I had was that I needed a desk.
90
I needed some place to put my computer to be able to do work.
91
I needed, there was a lot I needed with this, well, for college, for succeeding in my classes.
92
All right, and then who.
93
The question of who is a question of who is going to get the stuff.
94
Let's say that you're making a decision, I don't know, let's say you have a company, and your company needs some new computers.
95
And you have 500 employees, but you're only going to get a hundred computers.
96
Well, you have to decide who's going to get those hundred computers,
97
because there's going to be 400 less happy people if they didn't get the computer.
98
In fact, this reminds me of, there was an episode of, I don't know if you ever watched the television show, The Office.
99
There was this episode where the office manager, Pam, she had gotten a new computer for one of the employees.
100
And that employee was very happy that they had gotten this new computer.
101
And then there was another employee in the office
102
and he got really upset that he did not get a new computer when the other person had.
103
And so the whole episode, one of the subplots of the whole episode was him trying to figure out how he could get a new computer
104
from Pam or from the resources that they had.
105
So Pam, the office manager, was dealing with this problem that Andy wanted a new computer even though she had gotten a new computer for Aaron.
106
And so that was kind of funny.
107
And so the idea here is, in economics, we have to decide, once we get some kind of resource, once we get computers for the office,
108
or once we get a brand new drill or saw, we have to decide who's going to get it.
109
You know, individuals, families have to make this decision.
110
You know, let's say you get a brand new phone, right?
111
Okay, your dad gets a brand new phone.
112
And you're like, man, I want that brand new phone.
113
And so you go to your dad and you say, hey, dad, I know you got a brand new phone.
114
Can I have that phone?
115
And your dad's like, no, you're getting my old phone.
116
I'm getting the new phone.
117
And you're like, man, I want the new phone.
118
I don't want your old phone.
119
But you actually really liked your dad's old phone three weeks ago.
120
You're like, man, my dad's phone is way better than mine.
121
I wish I could have my dad's phone.
122
And then your dad, your dad, who is an individual running a household.
123
So by the way, sometimes individuals, we refer to them as households because sometimes they're small groups of individuals.
124
Your dad is in charge in this particular case, maybe your mom's in charge,
125
but your dad's in charge of dealing with this problem of scarcity in his family.
126
And so he's going to decide this who question.
127
Dealing with the problem of scarcity, which we'll get to in a second, focuses on these three economic questions and you ask these all the time,
128
what am I going to wear today?
129
How am I going to wear it?
130
and who is going to see me wearing it.
131
I don't know.
132
That's kind of a stretch.
133
But anyway, you have to make these decisions all the time.
134
You have to decide on, you know, which car, if you're going to buy a car.
135
You know, or first of all, what is, maybe you don't even need a car.
136
You decide you need a car because you don't want to ride the train, okay?
137
Okay, so now I've made that decision.
138
How am I going to get a car?
139
Am I going to make the car or buy the car?
140
I'm going to buy the car.
141
And who am I going to, I don't know, who am I going to buy the car from?
142
Or when I get the car, who's going to drive it?
143
You have to be really kind of flexible.
144
But these are the three main economic questions.
145
How individuals, organizations, or societies deal with.
146
So what's happening here?
147
Ultimately, dealing with means making decisions.
148
Making decisions.
149
And every single decision that you make in your life is an economic decision.
150
You bring me any decision.
151
You can text me, email me a decision.
152
You can call me and say, here's a decision, and I will tell you how that decision is an economic decision.
153
All of the decisions in the universe are economic decisions, and as I said, I'll explain to you why if you don't already understand.
154
Hopefully by the end of this semester, you will fully understand why every decision is an economic decision.
155
So what we fundamentally have here is that economics is the scientific study of decision -making.
156
Why?
157
Because making a decision means dealing with the problem of scarcity.
ดาวน์โหลดแอป
ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง
AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค
ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง
คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ
เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป
📺 ช่องเดียวกัน
✨ วิดีโอแนะนำ
B21
425 ประโยค
NEW- Micro Unit 1 Summary- Basic Economic Concepts
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B25
29 ประโยค
What is Social Science?
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B22
197 ประโยค
Why Trillions of Foreign Aid Hasn’t Solved Poverty
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
635 ประโยค
Decision-Making and Entrepreneurial Performance: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C1134 ประโยค
What's all the Yellen About? Monetary Policy and the Federal Reserve: Crash Course Economics #10
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B215
61 ประโยค
CONTEMPORARY TOPICS UNIT 10 ECONOMICS THE EVOLUTION OF MONEY
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
147 ประโยค
You MUST learn time management as a student.
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
B22
166 ประโยค
The 'Luxury Poverty' Trap, Explained
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
444 ประโยค
INTRODUCTION INTO HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT - LECTURE 01
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
B27
471 ประโยค
Learn Real-Life English from Deep Conversations with Native Speakers 🧠 | Comprehensible English
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
230 ประโยค
The Liberalism to Fascism Pipeline (Neoliberalism Explained)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Introduction to Economics Part 2 - Professor Ryan” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: decision, economic, desk, computer, individual วิดีโอนี้มี 157 ประโยค และ 1874 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 11:54 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 157 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 89% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย จากทั้งหมด 157 ประโยค มี 35 ประโยคเป็นคำถาม จึงเหมาะสำหรับฝึกน้ำเสียงประโยคคำถามและการตอบสั้น ๆ
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 12 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| desk คำนาม | /dɛsk/ | โต๊ะ, โต๊ะทำงาน |
| resource คำนาม | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ทรัพยากร |
| economics คำนาม | /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ | เศรษฐศาสตร์ |
| drawer คำนาม | /dɹɔɹ/ | เก๊ะ, ลิ้นชัก |
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| remind คำกริยา | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | เตือน |
| flexible คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ | ยืดหยุ่น |
| drill คำนาม | /dɹɪl/ | สว่าน |
| backyard คำนาม | /bækˈjɑːd/ | สวนหลังบ้าน |
| microeconomics คำนาม | /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌɛkəˈnɒnɪks/ | เศรษฐศาสตร์จุลภาค |
| macroeconomics คำนาม | /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ | เศรษฐศาสตร์มหัพภาค |
| dormitory คำนาม | /ˈdɔɹ.mɪˌtɔɹ.i/ | หอพัก |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- What should we focus on?
- What should you do with your money?
- What should we be getting with our resources?
- How are we going to get what we need?
- Can I have that phone?
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 40 ครั้ง เช่น you're, don't, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/, assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/, microeconomics /ˌmaɪkɹəʊˌɛkəˈnɒnɪks/, macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, residence /ˈɹɛz.ɪ.dəns/, stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, residence /ˈɹɛz.ɪ.dəns/
- /r/ กับ /l/ — แยกให้ชัด: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, drill /dɹɪl/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง desk, resource, economics เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ