ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: UN CRPD Full Version
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255 ประโยค
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The United Nations brings together the countries of the world
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to keep peace and to work together to help people.
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stop poverty and disease and encourage respect for rights and freedoms.
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A convention is an agreement.
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The Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities means
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that the United Nations agrees that people with disabilities have the same rights and freedoms as other people.
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The United Nations agrees to protect and help disabled people to enjoy these rights and freedoms.
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The CRPD has chapters called Articles, There are 50.
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Articles plus a preamble introduction.
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This video summarizes each article.
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Preamble People with disabilities have dignity and worth.
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We have a right to participate in society fully and equally, without barriers.
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Other people must respect us.
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Respect our independence, respect our right to make decisions for ourselves
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The United Nations recognizes that some people face double discrimination
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They face barriers
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Because they have a disability
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And they face barriers because of their gender
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Age, religion, skin color, language, race, political opinions or poverty.
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The United Nations Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities tries to remove these barriers
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and allow our equality rights and freedoms whatever our disability age gender language and so on.
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Article 1.
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Purpose The purpose of the CRPD is to promote,
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protect, and guarantee the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and freedoms for people with disabilities
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and to respect their dignity.
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It doesn't matter what kind of disability.
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All are equal.
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Article 2.
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Definitions.
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Article number 2 explains some words that are used in the CRPD.
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It is important that everyone understands the meaning of these articles.
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Communication includes Braille, tactile, large print.
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Communication technology, written, spoken, heard.
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Languages, other kinds of communication.
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Language includes spoken and signed language.
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And other forms of non -spoken languages.
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Discrimination of the basis of disability
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means any kind of barriers to stop or oppress or exclude people with disabilities just because they have a disability.
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Reasonable accommodation means removing barriers against people with disabilities.
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If this does not put burdens on others, for example, cost too much money.
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Universal Design When you create products, programs, and services, you should include accessibility from the start.
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Accessibility should not be an added on later.
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article 3 general principles the CRPD recognizes eight points called general principles
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number one respect for dignity and independence including the freedom to make your own choices
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Number two, discrimination is forbidden.
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Number three, full participation in society.
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Number four, respect for differences and acceptance of persons with disabilities.
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As part of human diversity.
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Number five, equality of opportunity.
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6. Equality of accessibility.
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7. Equality between men and women.
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8. Respect for the abilities of children with disabilities and respect for their rights to keep their identities.
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Article 4.
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General Obligations.
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Each country that accepts the CRPD promises
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that its government will support the full equal rights and freedoms of people with disabilities.
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It promises to remove barriers, stop discrimination, and provide information and assistive technology.
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Each country agrees to work in cooperation with organizations of people with disabilities.
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Article 5.
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Equality and Non -Discrimination People with disabilities have equal rights in law.
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5. Governments agree to make sure their law protects against discrimination.
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Article 6.
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Women with disabilities 6.
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Women with disabilities face double discrimination.
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Governments must recognize and protect equality between women and men,
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and the equality between people with disabilities and other people.
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Article 7.
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Children with Disabilities Children with disabilities have equal rights and freedoms.
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They have the right to their own opinion and decisions about themselves,
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their disabilities, and their future.
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Article 8.
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Awareness Raising
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Governments have a responsibility to teach their people about the rights of persons with disabilities,
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to encourage respect for people with disabilities, to recognize their achievements, and to correct wrong ideas about people with disabilities.
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Article 9 Accessibility
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People with disabilities must have equal access to the physical environment such as schools,
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hospitals, workplaces, transportation, information, communications,
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technologies, and other places and services open to the public.
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How to do this? governments must set standards and good practices for accessibility.
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For example, buildings should have information posted in Braille.
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Public buildings, like museums, should provide professional sign language interpreters.
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Internet websites should include
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Accessible design and easy to understand words
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Article 10 Right to Life Everyone has the right to life
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Governments must make sure people with disabilities can enjoy life equally Article 11.
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Situations of Risk and Humanitarian Emergencies Persons with disabilities have the right to protection and safety in war,
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emergencies, and natural disasters, such as hurricanes and earthquakes.
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Article 12 Equal Recognition Before the Law
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We all have the right to equality in law courts and legal business.
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We have the right to support services we need to participate fully in legal business.
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Governments must protect our legal rights.
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We have equal rights to own and inherit property.
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Control our own money and access credit, such as bank loans and mortgages.
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Article 13 Access to Justice Article 12 focused on legal businesses and legal rights
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Article 13 focuses on legal proceedings, such as police investigations, courtrooms,
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jail in all legal proceedings persons with disabilities have a right to access these services police
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and prison staff need to be given special training about disabilities Article 14.
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Liberty and security of the person.
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People with disabilities cannot be put in prison just because of their disability.
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Disability is not a crime.
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If a person with a disability is guilty of crimes, such as stealing, killing, or abuse, they should go to jail.
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But they cannot be jailed just because they have a disability.
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Article 15.
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Freedom from torture or cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment.
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Government must protect people with disabilities against torture and cruelty.
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This includes medical or scientific experiments that we do not voluntarily agree to participate in.
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Thank you.
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Article 16 Freedom from Exploitation,
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Violence, and Abuse Almost the same as Article 15.
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Article 15 say governments must protect people with disabilities from violence and abuse.
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Article 16 says that if violence and abuse happens to disabled people,
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governments must investigate, punish the abuser, and help the victim.
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Article 17, Protecting the Integrity of the Person
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People who have a disability must be seen as whole people.
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They must be seen as people first, not a disability.
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Their disability does not make them less than whole.
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Article 18.
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Liberty of Movement and Nationality
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Disability cannot be used as a reason for refusing to give people proof of their nationality.
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Example, a birth certificate or a passport. To emigrate and immigrate.
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And to re -enter their country.
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Article 19.
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Living independently and being included in the community.
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Persons with disabilities have the right to decide where and how they wish to live in the community
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and to receive support services that help them to live there.
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Article 20.
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Personal Mobility People with disabilities have the right to personal mobility and have the right to choose devices,
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technologies, and living assistance.
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Article 21 Freedom of Expression and Opinion and Access to Information
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Persons with disabilities have equal freedom of expression and opinion,
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and to receive and give information and ideas on an equal basis with other people.
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They have the right to make their own choices and communication method.
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This includes providing information in accessible formats and technologies in a timely manner and without additional cost.
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2. Providing professional interpretation for official interaction such as meetings with politicians.
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3. Encouraging accessibility to information, services, the internet, etc. 4.
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Encouraging the media, TV, radio,
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newspapers, magazines, etc. to provide accessibility.
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5. Recognizing and promoting sign languages.
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Article 22.
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Respect for Privacy.
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Government must protect people with disabilities against interference with their privacy,
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family, home, good name, communications, and personal information.
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Article 23.
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Respect for the Home and the Family Persons with disabilities have equal rights to make their own decisions about marriage,
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having children, family, and relationships with other people.
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They have the right to equal access to information about family planning and the right to government assistance in their family responsibilities.
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Children with disabilities must not be hidden,
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abandoned, neglected, or separated from their parents on the basis of their disability or their parents disability.
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Article 24.
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Education.
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Persons with disabilities have equal access to quality,
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free education with the supports and assistance they require.
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This includes education at all levels,
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elementary, high school, university training schools, and adult learning.
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It also includes learning Braille, sign language, and any other form of communication that the person needs or wants.
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The educational environment must support the best learning and social development of children with disabilities.
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Teachers must be given appropriate training and teachers with disabilities must be hired.
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Article 25 Health
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People with disabilities have the right to equal quality and any kinds of health services,
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including early intervention, sexual health, and health insurance.
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Health professionals must provide an equal quality of health care.
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Health care workers must receive training about the human rights,
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dignity, independence, and needs of persons with disabilities.
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Article 26.
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Habilitation and Rehabilitation
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Habilitation and rehabilitation services and programs,
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especially in health, employment, education and social services,
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must be provided to persons with disabilities as early as possible and as close to their communities as possible.
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Article 27.
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Work and Employment It's forbidden to discriminate against people with disabilities.
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In employment, including hiring, training,
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promotion, workplace safety, pay, union rights,
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self -employment, and support programs.
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Article 28.
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Adequate Standard of Living and Social Protection Persons with disabilities have an equal right to necessary standards of living,
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such as food, clothing, housing,
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water, social protection, poverty reduction, and retirement benefits.
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Article 29.
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Participation in Political and Public Life Persons with disabilities are guaranteed political rights,
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including the right to vote, to participate in political life,
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to be elected, and to participate in organizations involved in public and political life of their country.
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Article 30, Participation in Cultural Life, Recreation, Leisure, and Sport.
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Governments recognize the right of persons with disabilities to participate equally in culture, sports, leisure, and tourism.
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Governments must make sure access and support services are provided.
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Government shall recognize and support the specific cultural and linguistic identity of people with disabilities,
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including sign languages and deaf culture.
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Article 31.
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Statistics and Data Collection
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Governments must collect statistics and research data about disabilities.
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The privacy of persons with disabilities must be protected in relation to such data.
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Article 32 International Cooperation
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countries should work together to achieve the goals
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of CRPD example through international development programs best practices
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and scientific and technical exchanges countries
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Studies must work together with organizations of people with disabilities too.
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Article 33 National Implementation and Monitoring
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Governments shall appoint a person or department
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or organizations to be responsible for running the CRPD in their country.
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persons with disabilities must be included in monitoring the CRPD article 34 committee on the rights of persons with disabilities
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the United Nations shall establish a committee on the rights of persons with disabilities with a maximum of 18 members.
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Article 35.
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Reports by States Parties.
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Each country will report to the United Nations on its progress in applying the CRPD.
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The first report is due in two years.
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Thereafter, reports are due at least every four years.
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Article 36.
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Consideration of Reports The Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
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shall review the reports and may make suggestions recommendations and or requests for further information
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article 37 cooperation between states parties and the committee
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There shall be cooperation between each country's government and the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
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Article 38.
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Relationship of the Committee with other bodies.
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The Committee shall consult and cooperate with other
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United Nations and international agencies as needed.
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Article 39.
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Report of the Committee.
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Every two years, the Committee shall report and make recommendations to the General Assembly,
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and to the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations.
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Article 40.
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Conference of States Parties Article 40.
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Conference of States Parties at least every two years national governments shall meet
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to discuss any concerns relating to the implementation of the crpd article 41 depository
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the secretary general of the united nations has final responsibility for the CRPD.
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Article 42.
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Signature.
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After March 30, 2007, any country can sign the CRPD at the United Nations headquarters.
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Article 43.
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Consent to be bound.
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When a country signs the CRPD,
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it means the country promises that its national government will accept the CRPD.
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Article 44.
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Regional integration organizations.
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Regional integration organizations are countries in the same geographic
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region who have given some of their CRPD responsibilities to a cooperative organization such as the European Union.
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This is acceptable.
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Article 45 Entry into Force When a country ratifies the CRPD,
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30 days later, it has the power of law.
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Article 46 Reservations After a country signs the CRPD,
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it cannot oppose the purpose and goals of the CRPD.
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Article 47 Amendments Any government may propose an amendment to the CRPD.
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If two -thirds of the United Nations agree,
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the amendment will be discussed at a conference.
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If two -thirds of the members at the conference vote to approve the amendment,
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then the Secretary General must bring it to the General Assembly for approval.
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Article 48, Denunciation.
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If a country approves the CRPD and later its government wants to cancel its approval,
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it can do so by writing to the Secretary General.
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The cancellation shall take effect one year later.
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Article 49.
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Accessible Format The CRPD is available in various accessible formats.
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Article 50.
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Authentic Texts.
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The Convention is equally acceptable in the following languages.
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Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “UN CRPD Full Version” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: article, disabilities, crpd, equal, disability วิดีโอนี้มี 255 ประโยค และ 2209 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 35:25 ผู้พูดพูดช้า ประมาณ 62 คำต่อนาที จึงมีเวลาเลียนแบบทุกเสียง มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| disability คำนาม | /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ | ความพิการ |
| equality คำนาม | /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ | ภาวะเท่ากัน |
| discrimination คำนาม | /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ | การเลือกปฏิบัติ, การกีดกัน |
| participate คำกริยา | /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ | เข้าร่วม, ร่วมมือ |
| encourage คำกริยา | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | ให้กำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม |
| cooperation คำนาม | /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ | ความร่วมมือ |
| dignity คำนาม | /ˈdɪɡnɪti/ | ศักดิ์ศรี |
| poverty คำนาม | /ˈpɑːvɚti/ | ความจน, ความยากจน |
| amendment คำนาม | /əˈmɛndmənt/ | การแปรญัตติ |
| privacy คำนาม | /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ | ความเป็นส่วนตัว |
| guarantee คำนาม | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | การรับประกัน |
| hire คำกริยา | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | จ้าง |
| monitor คำนาม | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | จอภาพ, หน้าจอ |
| liberty คำนาม | /ˈlɪbəti/ | เสรีภาพ |
| principle คำนาม | /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/ | หลัก, คติ |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
- เสียง “th”: clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, thereafter /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/, cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, participation /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/, implementation /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃən/, integration /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: disability /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/, equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/, discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/, accessibility /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: encourage /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/, accessible /əkˈsɛs.ɪ.bəl/, principle /ˈpɹɪn.sɪ.pəl/, acceptable /əkˈsɛp.tə.bəl/, proceedings /pɹəˈsiːd.ɪŋz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/, approve /əˈpɹuːv/, universal /ˌjunəˈvɜɹs(ə)l/, achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: proceedings /pɹəˈsiːd.ɪŋz/, disaster /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, headquarters /ˈhɛdˌk(w)ɔɹ.tɚz/, tourism /ˈtʊɹɪzəm/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง disability, equality, discrimination เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ