ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Why Scientists Are Warning Us About Everyday Plastics | 60 Minutes Australia
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Coming up on 60 Minutes, a world choked by plastic.
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We're the guinea pigs for thousands of new chemicals.
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New data reveal shocking details.
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We've got plastic in our brains.
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About just what it's doing to you and me.
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So am I putting my kids in danger?
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That's the million dollar question, isn't it?
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That's next on 60 Minutes.
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Convenient, durable and cheap.
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Plastic products are an everyday part of everyone's lives.
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But for all of the benefits, it's becoming increasingly obvious the planet is paying a price.
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We are now living in a world choked by plastic.
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Most of us are aware the oceans are awash with the stuff and wildlife is dying because of it.
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But it's now time to also consider the impact and harm plastic is having on humans.
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As you'll see, it's truly shocking how it's invading our bodies.
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Welcome to my home.
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Money!
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Come on in.
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There's probably no such thing as a typical Australian house, but mine is just like many others.
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Three school -aged kids, a hard -working husband and father topped off with a sometimes too inquisitive wife and mother, me.
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There's no question our home is full of love.
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But what I'm not so sure about is if it's also full of danger from plastics.
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How are you, Scott?
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Good, how are you?
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I'm very well, thank you.
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Come on in.
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Thank you.
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Three weeks ago, Eco -toxicologist, Dr Scott Wilson, came in to try and answer that question.
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The scientists started by strategically placing petri dishes in different rooms to collect dust.
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Well, this is a house of chaos with three young kids.
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What are you expecting to find?
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You're going to have products that are releasing microplastics either into your food
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or into the air that you're then breathing or your kids are breathing.
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Plastic is so prevalent, you can't ever remove it.
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My husband Luke has been worried about plastic for a while, and now so am I.
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How does our house measure up?
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Is it bad news?
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Hold your horses, hold your horses.
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A little later, the full results of that experiment in my home.
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But first, facing the uncomfortable truth about how ubiquitous plastics are in our lives.
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Few of us think about it, but we're eating, drinking and, yes, breathing them in enormous quantities.
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Sure, we might be worried about the damage they cause to the world's oceans and wildlife.
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But what about the threat they pose to humans?
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You and me.
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I think if people realised how much plastic was going through their bodies, they would actually feel a bit squeamish.
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Do you think people have any idea what plastic is doing to us?
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The majority, I would say, wouldn't.
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In stark contrast to my home, it's almost impossible to find anyone using plastic in the Lucas household.
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And that's not surprising, given that both Michaela
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and Andrew Lucas are scientists on a crusade to prove that plastic is a silent,
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toxic threat loitering in our everyday lives.
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What haunts you about plastic?
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If these plastic particles are getting into our body, they're staying there.
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We're becoming a garbage patch.
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I think we are the garbage patch already, but we just don't know the size of the garbage patch yet.
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By garbage patch, they're talking about two evils evils,
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microplastics, tiny, almost invisible shards that break off plastic products and get into our food,
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drink and the air we breathe.
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And then there are the toxic chemicals that leak out of them.
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The ones we know the most about are called phthalates and bisphenols, commonly referred to as BPA.
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And this is where the science gets really scary.
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How many plastic chemicals are there?
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Well, in a study that looked at the various chemicals added, they found up to 16 ,000 different chemicals.
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that have been added to plastics.
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And where do all these chemicals come from?
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So since the 1950s, there's been an explosion in the ability to synthesise all sorts of different types of chemicals.
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Because they're associated with a very big industry, they just get introduced and used without any testing.
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And we're really the guinea pigs for the exposure of thousands of new chemicals.
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How long have you been concerned about plastic?
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I've been concerned about plastic for about five years now.
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What do we do about this thing that we are constantly exposed to, that we know has got concerning evidence around emerging health problems and yet...
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Like Michaela and Andrew Lucas,
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GP Dr Kate Wiley fears the unknown consequences of plastics on both the planet and her patients.
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We've got plastic in our brains.
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We've got plastic in our reproductive organs.
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There's plastic in human placentas.
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What Kate thinks about plastic is alarming, but she's the first to admit that her fears are not definitive.
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There needs to be much more scientific proof, which she says is still decades away.
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What do we know that these particles are doing to us?
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Well, this is a problem we don't really know yet.
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So as a GP, you know, I can't say that, you know, X plastic product causes Y disease,
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but the emerging evidence is around things like increasing our risks of heart attack and stroke.
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We've got emerging data about plastics being associated with dementia, which is a very concerning thing.
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As I really want to caveat, you know, this stuff is not a done deal.
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We don't really have all the information we need, but the emerging data is enough that we should We should show caution about it.
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Five months ago, Professor Michaela and Dr Andrew Lucas released their own data about the dangers of plastics, which stunned the world.
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For their study, instead of adding plastics to a control group, they removed the threat to see what would happen.
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We said, OK, what about if we drop exposure to these chemicals? can we drop
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that and will it have a health benefit?
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So we immediately shifted from what Hamid does to how do we treat it.
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At the start of the experiment, the Lucases analysed urine samples of more than 200 people,
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finding at least six toxic chemicals in each participant.
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They were then made to live for seven days with minimal exposure to plastics.
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from their toothpaste to their underwear, herbs and spices, even cooking utensils.
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Plastic was taboo during the study.
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We asked people, they were still living in their house, they were still going to work,
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but we gave them food that had never touched plastic or had a low plastic exposure during processing and packaging.
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The results were astounding.
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In just that one week, the level of plastic chemicals found in each person reduced by up to 60%.
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Were you shocked by the results?
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I was very happy to see the results.
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We were, you know, very surprised that we were able to reduce it in such a short period of time.
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But it also gave us really hope that we can turn things around and in the long run, if you do that day -to -day,
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will have a long -term health benefit.
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Coming up, the dire warning.
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Act now or risk a reproductive wipeout.
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Now, if we get that wrong, it's the end of the human race, right?
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There's nothing Cal Glansnig likes better than starting his day in the water.
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Since he was a school kid, the now 26 -year -old has been campaigning to protect the ocean from plastic.
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But now he's learning he also needs to protect himself.
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With all the research that's come out, I've actually been learning more about what it's doing to our own bodies and our own health,
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and that's absolutely petrified me because I don't think enough Australians know the truth of what plastic's doing to us.
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Two years ago, Cal turned to local politics to champion his cause
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and was elected to his local council in Sydney's Sutherland Shire.
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He's also made a documentary.
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using himself as a guinea pig to prove that humans are becoming more plastic.
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For the first time, it made me think about the future in a different way.
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Not just the planet's, but mine.
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Tell me about that and why did you do that?
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I wanted to do that because I'm someone who's cut so much plastic out of my life, as much as, you know, you sort of can.
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Like, I don't drink out of plastic water bottles and switch out plastic topping balls, like all these different things.
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So I thought, alright, I'll get tested and I'll see, OK, this is in me, it's probably in all my friends, all my family, all my community, probably most Australians.
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Even though Cal has been trying to live plastic -free for years,
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the samples he sent to the US for testing showed his body was saturated with toxic chemicals,
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84 % higher than the average American. Were you shocked?
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I was really shocked.
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I remember when my mum heard the results as well, Like, she burst into tears.
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Like, she felt extremely guilty for not just me, but my younger brother as well.
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Like, we used to have, you know, lunch in plastic...
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You know, put plastic in the microwave, put plastic in the dishwasher.
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Like, for so many years, like, Mum and my dad just had no clue of what this was doing.
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For Cal, the news gets worse.
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The toxic chemicals found in his system were phthalates, which researchers suspect are contributing to a global fertility crisis.
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It's a daunting prospect for a young man considering his own future.
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I mean, the fact that phthalates are in me, which is, like, a chemical that's linked to fertility, is, like, yeah, you know, when I want to start to have a family,
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like, to know that that could be a risk and an issue is, like, pretty scary.
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In America, Julie and Eric Isaac know exactly what that uncertainty feels like.
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They spent five years trying to have a baby.
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I remember that feeling of, like, OK, I give up.
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Like, there's nothing I can do.
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It's never gonna happen.
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We had no explanation or reason as to why it was happening.
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People weren't really giving us good reasons.
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Eric was eventually diagnosed with a low sperm count, but when he and Julie had all but given up the idea of becoming parents,
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a moment of serendipity.
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Researchers approached the couple to explore something they'd never contemplated.
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Was the plastic hidden in their everyday lives, sabotaging their dream of starting a family?
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So, after everything you had been through for five years,
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When somebody suggested to you that plastic could be the cause of your infertility, did you believe it?
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Oh, no, I did not believe it at all.
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No, zero.
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We thought, like, oh, this isn't...
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Like, there's no way this study's real.
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Like, what is this, you know?
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And I guess until you have eyes to see the plastics around you
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and really you have some sort of trigger to tell you, like, this might not be good for your health.
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It's just an everyday part of life.
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I genuinely didn't think much about it.
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Desperate for a child, Eric and Julie signed up to a radical three -month human experiment,
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which was then turned into the Netflix documentary The Plastic Detox.
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Alongside five other infertile couples, they removed as much plastic as they could from their lives.
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What happened to your sperm count?
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So, after cutting out plastics and reducing my exposure to phthalates and BPAs as much as possible.
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My sperm count went from 7 million to 77 million in 90 days.
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It's also the quality went up.
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The quality wasn't bad to begin with, but it improved towards the end.
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And you put that down purely to eliminating plastic?
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Yeah, I don't see what else it could have been.
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We changed nothing else about our life, but it's not the plastic pieces in your balls
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or in your testicles that I think you should be worried about it's these chemicals
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that are basically invisible it's like most people don't don't know about it
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one year later voila julie
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and eric were pregnant with little rowan whether it was a stroke of luck
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or their plastic intervention scientists still can't be certain
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but these parents weren't the only winners five of the six couples who took part in the experiment now have babies
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we still go oh is that is
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that our baby we still can't believe it we still ask each other we'll look at each other
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and be like do we actually have a son like is
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this a dream do you want to pinch me like are we so it's the it's the absolute best
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If you ask Professor Sarah Dunlop, those results are no coincidence.
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The head scientist of plastics
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and human health at Western Australia's Mindaroo Foundation says the changes in fertility trends around the world are a significant worry.
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We know if you look at sperm counts in men, in humans, they're declining.
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They've dropped by about 50 % over the last few decades and are predicted to go on declining.
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Now, if we get that wrong, it's the end of the human race, right?
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And her frightening warnings don't end there.
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For couples who do get pregnant, Professor Dunlop says microplastics and toxic chemicals are now even being found in foetuses.
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They're getting into unborn babies.
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Our babies are born pre -polluted.
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We're exposed without our consent.
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It's one giant, uncontrolled experiment on our health, thanks to industrial chemicals.
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That's what outrages me.
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Some of these scientists argue that because you can't see that full picture at the moment, that it's causing unnecessary alarm.
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Again and again, every time we look, we find harm.
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We feel we find statistical links that are consistent.
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So that in itself is giving us a big, big warning bell.
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The more I hear, the more worried I am about what's going to be found
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on the Petri dishes used to collect the tiny particles of plastic I'm unknowingly exposing my own young family to.
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After the break, the results are in and they don't go down well.
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So am I putting my kids in danger?
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That's the, you know, the million -dollar question, isn't it?
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Give you a bottle.
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Yeah.
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Busy mum, Kirsty Sweeney, has made more than a few bottles in her time.
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You never know, dear, how much I love you.
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Little Maisie is baby number three.
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Maisie just has to fit in, doesn't she?
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She does have to fit in.
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Third child, you just slot right into the family.
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Like many parents who want only the best for their children, Kirsty feeds Maisie her milk in a BPA -free bottle,
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meaning the toxic bisphenol chemical in the plastic has been removed.
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What do you know about BPA?
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I guess it's on a lot of packaging.
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You hear about it, you know, in articles.
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You know that you should be looking for things without BPA.
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Do you know anything about what it does to you?
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I know a little bit.
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So I know that, you know, if you're having microplastics and things like BPA can act like hormones in your body.
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Which is true.
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It's scary.
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For years, Australians have believed there was such a thing as safe plastic, especially when buying products for our little ones.
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Professor Michaela and Dr Andrew Lucas have been looking closely at what's actually in BPA -free plastics,
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and they're sorry to say we're not being told the whole truth.
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The way that these bottles are made requires a chemical like BPA,
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and in this case it's a related chemical called BPS, to actually construct and produce that product.
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And unfortunately, they're similar enough to have similar bad properties.
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They've shown the same sort of results for this substitute chemical.
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So, unfortunately, we are not any safer.
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So, BPA -free is a con?
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BPA -free is accurate, but it is a con.
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It's Not News Kirstie was happy to hear.
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She thought she was making a safer choice for her children.
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I think it's misleading.
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I think it's, you know, convincing you that you're buying a product that is safe for your baby and your child.
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But if we don't know about any of the other chemicals and the plastics, then we assume, you know, it's good for us.
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Do you think the people making the BPA -free products know that they're harmful?
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I would say that the people
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that are putting the formulations together understand that the BPS is very similar in its properties to the BPA.
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So why would they do it?
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Because it works and because it's not regulated against.
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So because they're not breaking any rules by doing it?
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That's correct.
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We rely on companies and the regulations to basically tell us what's good and what's not good.
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And if we don't get that information clearly, then how are we supposed to make good choices?
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My days of buying BPA -free bottles and dummies are well behind me.
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But I'm concerned there are other harmful plastics around my home.
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After leaving Petri dishes scattered throughout my house for three weeks,
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ecotoxicologist Dr Scott Wilson is about to deliver results I'm not sure I want to hear.
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Is it bad news?
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Hold your horses.
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Hold your horses.
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It turns out the Clancy home has higher levels of plastic than the average Australian household.
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But it's not where I expect it.
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Interestingly, we're finding the bedroom comes up as the highest fibre count.
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Where my darling little eight -year -old sleeps.
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That's correct.
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So, we're finding more than double what you've got in the kitchen or the bathroom and,
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let's say, four times as much as the living room.
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Where could that plastic be coming from?
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It could be a toy, it could be a carpet, it could be a clothing, it could be just everyday containers.
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So, am I putting my kids in danger?
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That's the million -dollar question, isn't it?
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So, I got the results...
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Given my husband, Luke, has been worried about plastic for some time, I knew I was in for a difficult conversation.
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Because I don't feel comfortable with what they told me today.
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I kind of had expectations that we would get results that you weren't expecting, but are they bad or...?
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So we're slightly above the average Australian household when it comes to plastics.
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Above the average?
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Above, yeah.
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But that shocked me.
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That shocks me.
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What really got me was 44 % of what they found in this house was in Amelia's room.
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Wow, that does shock me a lot.
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If there's even a tenuous link, if it's a possibility, wouldn't you want to remove it from the kids' bedrooms?
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I would.
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Knowing that my eight -year -old daughter's bedroom has high levels of plastic fibres in it that she's breathing in is alarming.
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Dr Wilson says it's most likely because this room has carpet.
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So what can we do to make our home safer?
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We've started here in the kitchen by simply replacing things like plastic chopping boards and cooking utensils with these wooden ones.
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These small easy steps researchers are adamant will go a long way to shield us from the potential dangers of plastic.
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There's everywhere you look there's plastic and the problem with
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that is that you know we keep making more
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but we're not dealing with it what are we where does
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it go GP dr. Kate Wiley says the days of simply accepting plastic as a convenient
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and cheap option need to be reconsidered whose job is it
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to get control of this situation the industry themselves you know
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they have a responsibility to protect the community from the harm of their product, and then always it comes back to government to make regulations that support community health.
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Dr Wiley says the government is not doing its job
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and needs to do more to not only protect the environment from plastic, but people too.
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We live in this crazy time in human history where we have all these threats that are facing us, that we can name them.
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It's right in front of us.
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It's as plain as the nose on our face, and yet we just fob it off.
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Environmental crusader Cal Glansnick agrees.
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He's made it his mission to shout from every rooftop what he believes is the simple truth, that plastic is not fantastic.
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We say, I've got to recycle more, I've got to cut my own plastic, but it shouldn't be on us.
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Like, we live busy lives, we've got other things to worry about.
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Like, this is a political responsibility because it is a health crisis.
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We're not trying to get ourselves to Mars.
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Like, we're just trying to stop plastic ending up in our ocean, in our animals and in our bodies.
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Have you asked the government why they haven't acted?
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What they've said is that they're not hearing from enough Australians.
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Like, that is the answer from, yeah, the Environment Minister's mouth.
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What did you say back?
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Watch this face.
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The Federal Health Minister's office told us the problem of plastics wasn't their concern and referred us to the Environment Minister, who was unavailable for an interview.
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On this week's podcast, Extra Minutes, Dimity Clancy speaks with Carl Glansnig about ways to free ourselves from plastic.
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What can the everyday Aussie do?
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I think plastic water bottles is such an easy one.
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Australians spend about $560 million on plastic water bottles every single year.
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That's Extra Minutes, available now on the 60 Minutes Australia YouTube channel and your favourite podcast apps.
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วิดีโอนี้มี 310 ประโยค และ 3618 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 25:02 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 145 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 84% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| toxic คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | เป็นพิษ |
| experiment คำนาม | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | การทดลอง |
| breathe คำกริยา | /bɹiːð/ | หายใจ |
| garbage คำนาม | /ˈɡɑɹ.bɪd͡ʒ/ | กาก, ขยะ |
| emerge คำกริยา | /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ | ผุด |
| harm คำนาม | /hɑːm/ | ความเสียหาย |
| bedroom คำนาม | /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ | ห้องนอน |
| scary คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈskɛə.ɹi/ | น่ากลัว |
| dish คำนาม | /dɪʃ/ | จาน |
| researcher คำนาม | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | นักวิจัย |
| particle คำนาม | /ˈpɑɹtək(ə)l/ | อนุภาค |
| package คำนาม | /ˈpæk.ɪd͡ʒ/ | หีบห่อ, ห่อ |
| collect คำกริยา | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | เก็บ, สะสม |
| documentary คำนาม | /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ | สารคดี, ภาพยนตร์สารคดี |
| carpet คำนาม | /ˈkɑɹ.pət/ | พรม |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| give up คำกริยา | ยอมแพ้ |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 85 ครั้ง เช่น don't, we're, they're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/, phthalate /ˈ(f)θæ.leɪt/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: shock /ʃɔk/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/, dish /dɪʃ/, contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/, documentary /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, reproductive /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌktɪv/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง toxic, experiment, breathe เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | has been campaigning · I've actually been learning · has been trying |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has been · have been added · there's been |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | are called · have been added · being associated |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ