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Hello everybody, welcome back to Reading for Vocabulary.
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Are you ready to begin studying?
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The topic for today is kind of interesting and you've probably experienced it in your life, right?
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We're talking about a home away from home, a home away from home.
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We're going to focus on moving to a new home have
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you ever moved in your life right did you move to a new apartment
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or a new house maybe you moved to a new neighborhood
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or a new city or maybe even a new country right
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so people nowadays move a lot right you think about it
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and you know sure there are some people who live in one place all their life
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but it's becoming more and more common for people to move to different places
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and live in a few different places when they grow up.
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I probably am a very extreme example of that.
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By the time I finished high school I had moved about five times.
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My family moved about five times.
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Why?
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Because my father is a geologist.
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So his company sent him to many different places in the world so
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when i was growing up you know
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i lived in new mexico wisconsin north carolina papua new guinea colorado arizona nevada we moved
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so many different times because of my dad's job
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so maybe your dad's job or your mom's job takes you to different places
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or maybe when you go to school
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when you go to college you might go to another city or maybe even a different country.
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By the way, if you get a chance to go to another country to study for college, take that chance.
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Look for that opportunity, it's a very good experience for you.
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Anyway, that's the topic, moving to new homes.
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So nowadays it's not unusual for us to think of any place can be a new home.
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We can move just about anywhere and live anywhere.
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So that's what we're going to read about, but first let's take a look at the vocabulary.
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Our first word is, New York loves ugly.
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That's not our first word, it's just an interesting t -shirt.
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A person whose home is in a certain area.
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So New York of course is a very famous town, they're very famous for their spirit.
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People who live in New York, they can call themselves citizens of New York.
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Usually though we use citizen for country.
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For example, people who live in New York are citizens of America.
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They are American citizens.
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People who live in Seoul are usually Korean citizens, right?
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If your passport has the name of the country on it, right, you are a citizen of that country.
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If you have a Korean passport, you are a citizen of Korea.
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If you have an American passport, you are a citizen of America and the same for every country in the world.
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So, which country are you a citizen of?
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Okay, next one.
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Do you know this place?
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Machu Picchu, right?
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This is an event that a person goes through.
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If you go visit a world -famous place like this, what do you say?
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It's an experience.
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An experience.
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So, if you go and see Machu Picchu in Peru, or you go see the pyramids in Egypt,
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Or you go see the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France.
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That is an experience that you will remember.
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Experience.
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Experience.
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Experience.
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Experience.
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Okay, so probably you have good experiences of traveling.
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Maybe your family has taken vacations to different places, right?
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You have good experiences of your traveling.
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Next one, to fit in naturally to fit in naturally means to belong.
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Of course, these apples, do they belong together?
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You might say, well, the red one doesn't belong, but maybe it does.
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It depends on how you look at it.
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They're all apples, right?
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So it belongs together because they're all apples, but maybe other people say it doesn't belong because it's red and the others are green.
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But to fit in naturally means to belong somewhere.
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It belongs with the others.
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Of course, if you go to the supermarket, apples are in one section.
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Sure you have green apples, red apples, yellow apples in different places, but they're all together kind of in the same area.
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They belong in the same area.
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This is an interesting idea.
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Do you know this?
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For a type of living thing to change slowly over time.
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So we think about this when you think about the
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the age of the earth how old is the earth right 4 .5 billion years old we can't even imagine
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that time how long has life been on earth since at least 3 .5 billion years right
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now a lot over
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that long time life has changed into many different forms what do we call
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that process this is usually the the picture that they usually show how accurate it is you know maybe we don't know,
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but it shows that monkey -like creatures changing slowly into human beings, we say evolve.
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Now, of course, monkeys did not evolve into human beings.
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Monkeys are cousins to human beings.
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This creature doesn't live anymore.
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It's extinct.
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It's gone.
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But all living creatures have evolved over time into different forms and shapes.
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If you look at horses, go back and look at the evolutionary history of horses, or very interesting, look at whales.
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It's very interesting how whales, their ancestors, came on land and then went back to the sea.
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They evolved.
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They changed over time.
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That's a very interesting idea about the world.
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Evolution was first proposed by Charles Darwin in 1860 something I can't remember the exact date
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but of course his his idea was very controversial
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but nowadays most scientists more than 90 percent of scientists say
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that this is fact it's not a theory anymore it it actually happened
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and when you think about it it makes sense okay
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so evolve okay so next one to create copies of oneself
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so when a when adult animals have babies what are they doing they are reproducing
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so mama mama sheep will have a baby sheep right a lamb okay
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so reproduce reproduce reproduce reproduce means to make copies of oneself okay so when animals grow up,
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they become older, they become adults, then they can reproduce and have babies of their own.
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Next one. To increase.
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Okay, so something is increasing.
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What does it mean?
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It means rise.
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So we can see a rise.
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Usually we use this for charts when we're, you know, you see business people using this type of graph to show an increase in sales perhaps.
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So they say there's been a rise in sales okay a
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rise to increase rise is a verb by the way
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but also a noun because I said there has been a rise
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but you could also say sales have risen okay rise rose risen
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because as a verb rise is irregular we say rise rose risen okay
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but sometimes rise can also be a noun oh your next one wow
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Now, this is a very probably European city, very colorful, very interesting place, but if you look at it,
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you also get the impression there's so many people there, wow, it's really a lot of people.
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So to fill with animals or people is to populate, populate, populate.
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So you know, a long time ago, there weren't that many people, but people, you know, increased.
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The numbers of people increased and increased.
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The numbers of people rose.
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And the earth was populated with human beings, okay?
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And of course all sorts of other types of animals.
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Next one, a group of people sharing certain traits and beliefs.
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If we look at the American Indian here, we know that American Indians share certain beliefs and behaviors.
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They do the same things and they believe many different things.
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Of course different tribes have different beliefs.
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I'm not saying all American Indians are the same, that's not true.
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But a certain group, certain tribes like the Apache or the Cherokee
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or the Mohican right they would have in their tribes they would have the same beliefs of the same traditions
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and of course the same is true with countries Korean culture
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I gave it just gave you the exact the answer culture
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it's a group of people who share the same beliefs
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and behaviors actually culture
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when you think about a culture isn't really you don't say culture is people say culture is the beliefs
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or behaviors of a certain group of people, right?
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It's what they do.
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So Korean culture is different from American culture, which is different from French culture.
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So different areas, different groups of people have different culture or different cultures.
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Okay, next one.
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Number nine, standing straight, not upside down.
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So if you're standing straight up, you are upright.
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upright.
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Now this is important of course when you're shipping something.
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If you're sending something in the mail you write on one side of the package this side up.
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You want it to be upright.
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You don't want it to be upside down because that could possibly damage what you have in the container.
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Also it's more natural for us to be upright when we're walking around.
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We don't walk around on our hands upside down.
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That makes our head hurt.
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Okay next one.
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Ten, a group of people living and working together.
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So a group of people living and working together.
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What do we call them?
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We call it society.
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And society is a singular now.
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Okay, society.
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So not it, not them, but it.
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What do we call a group of people living and working together?
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What do we call it?
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We call it society.
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And societies have different sizes, right?
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A society can be as small as your family, but usually we talk about society in terms of like as big as a city
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or as big as a nation or sometimes a global society.
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So the entire human population in the world, we can also think of it as a society.
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It depends on what our purpose is.
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What is our intention?
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Do we just want to focus on a small group or are we talking about issues that affect a very big group?
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So society, when we think about it, can be small or big.
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But usually we think about it as the society in which we live, right?
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What is the behavior or the beliefs or the customs, the culture of the people that we're living in with?
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What is the society?
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And of course what are the laws of society?
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That's something we have to think about as well, the laws.
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What do we have to do to obey the laws?
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What are the expectations of society?
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What are we expected to do in society?
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So society is basically the group of people in which we live.
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Okay, 11.
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Whoa, what's wrong with these people?
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They look very strange.
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They have really long legs.
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The idea here is for most of the time, for most of the time, we say generally.
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Generally.
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So if we talk about basketball players, we can make general statements.
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Most of the time, basketball players are very tall.
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They have very long legs that look like golf clubs.
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I'm sorry.
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No, they don't.
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But usually basketball players are very tall, generally.
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Not all.
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Sometimes you can find short basketball players who are very good at passing the ball or getting the ball down the court.
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But generally, usually, for most of the time, basketball players are very tall.
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And we can make general statements about different groups of people.
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But again, be careful about making general statements because you can always find exceptions, right?
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It's not always the same.
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okay next one a long period of almost no food
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so these people are looking for food and they endure a long period
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when there no food has been grown maybe it's too hot there's no water
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so they can't grow food we call
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that time a famine famine is a period of time
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that no food is available a long time ago of course uh
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when people couldn't grow crops or there were no animals to hunt, right?
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It was too hot.
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There's no water, no food.
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So we call that period a famine.
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Nowadays, of course, famines can be caused by the supply chain breaking down, right?
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People getting food to a certain place, and that could also cause a famine.
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Next one, wanting to know more.
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So this little boy is very curious.
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Most children are very curious.
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Generally, children are very curious about the world around them.
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They are curious.
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They want to know more about the world.
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Okay, next one, to run away from.
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Run!
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Right, there's a bull.
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I don't know if you can see, you can't see the head, but this is a bull with big horns.
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And these guys, I think they're in Spain, perhaps Paplona, where they have every year, they run away from the bull, which is crazy.
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You know, a bunch of people will get ready, they'll release a bull, and these guys will run down the street running away from
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a bull why okay well different people have different hobbies i guess okay
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so to run away from means to flee to flee to run away now flee is an irregular verb
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so we say flee fled fled flee fled fled these men fled from the bowl okay they are fleeing from the Okay,
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next one, to come from a source.
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Now to come from a source, it means to descend, and we're talking about evolution here.
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It's a strange picture, but I think what they're getting at is that on a chain, right, there's a watch that descends from the chain.
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But to come from a source, we can also think about the word evolution.
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Remember the picture evolution?
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We saw the monkey type creature and then we saw a human being.
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So, Usually, especially when we talk about evolution, we say that the modern creatures,
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the modern animals have descended from a previous animal.
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Usually not always, but generally these animals are extinct.
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They don't longer live.
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We can't see them nowadays.
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Sometimes they still exist in certain cases, but usually our ancestors are extinct, right?
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There are no more early humans that are alive people have to go and dig up their bones, right?
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For the ancestors of human beings.
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But we descend from some source, from a source.
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Every living thing has descended from one source.
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Okay, next one.
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In a single group.
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So in a single group, we can say together.
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So if the dog and the cat are in a single group, they look like they're friends.
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That's a very interesting picture.
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They're together, Right?
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They're together.
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They're pals.
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They're buddies.
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They're together in a group.
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Okay?
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So you're together with your friends.
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Probably when you go out to play, you're together in a group.
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Okay, let's go over the words and see how well you remember the vocabulary.
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Number one, hang gliding.
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Remember hang gliding from a previous lesson, right?
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That's where you're flying, soaring through the air on the bar with a wing above you.
256
Hang gliding is a great what?
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A, citizen, B, bridge, C, experience, D, culture. Which word fits?
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Well, is hang gliding a great citizen?
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It's a citizen of a country?
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That doesn't make sense.
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Is it a great bridge?
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That doesn't make sense either.
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Is it a great experience?
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Remember an experience is something that you remember.
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It's a memorable happening in your life, something, an event or something that happens in your life.
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That's a great experience so hang gliding is a great experience, isn't it?
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Because, wow, that'd be great.
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I haven't done it yet.
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I would like to someday, but it would be a great experience.
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And D, of course, hang gliding is not a great culture.
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That doesn't make sense.
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Hang gliding, something you do, an event that you remember, it's a great experience, or it's an experience.
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Number three, modern birds, beep, from dinosaurs.
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Okay, there's actually two words from the vocabulary list that we could use here, but only one of those is here thank goodness because
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if both of them were here we would have to choose both
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but there's only one so a populated b evolved c reproduced
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and d created let me tell you the word
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that could fit here but not on the answer list and
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that of course is descend we could use descended descended modern birds descended from dinosaurs
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that would fit but it's not one of our choices
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but remember when I was describing
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or explaining the meaning of this word descend we just did this right a couple slides ago
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or I think was the last word descend I said
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I gave you the example of right all living three all living things descended from a previous animal
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and we saw that diagram we saw that idea with
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which word of course it was with evolved evolve so we could use either word.
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Modern birds evolved from dinosaurs or modern birds descended from dinosaurs.
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It means the same thing.
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Not populated, not reproduced, not created, those don't fit.
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We're talking about, you know, a previous life form or a previous type of animal that gives birth,
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that reproduces, but over a long time and changes into another type of animal.
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And that's evolution, that's also descending from another species or another type of animal.
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So modern birds evolve from dinosaurs.
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And by the way, that's a very interesting idea.
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If you think, oh dinosaurs are no longer in the world, they're all extinct.
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Not true.
297
Birds are a type of dinosaur and we can see them every day.
298
Very interesting.
299
Okay.
300
Five.
301
School is strange.
302
I don't feel like I, what?
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I don't feel like I, If you think school is strange, you don't what?
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I don't feel like I what?
305
I don't feel like I A, belong, B, make, C, empty, D, slip.
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So if you think some place is strange or a group of people is strange, you don't fit in, right?
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You don't belong.
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I don't feel like I belong.
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Maybe you do belong, but you don't feel like I belong.
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That's too bad.
311
You have to make some friends.
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If you make friends, you get used to the people there you find out,
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oh, they're good people, then you feel like you belong in a place, right?
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But if you feel strange about the people you're with, you don't feel like you have anything in common, it's hard to talk to them,
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then you feel like you don't belong, okay?
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Not make, not empty, not slip, those don't make sense.
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The best one is belong.
318
Seven, South America has a really interesting what?
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Immigration, B culture, C famine, or D hat?
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Well, famine is not interesting, it's terrible, it's horrible, so that doesn't work, right?
321
It has a really interesting hat, just one.
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South America has an interesting hat, it's a really big hat that it puts on the whole continent.
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Now that's crazy, right?
324
Has an interesting immigration.
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We don't think of immigration as being interesting, we think of immigration as being a pain in the butt, right?
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It's very difficult, right?
327
So the only one, South America has a really interesting culture,
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that would fit, it because the beliefs and the customs in South America are very interesting.
329
But by the way, South America has many different countries in South America
330
and of course there are different cultures in each of those different countries
331
and maybe even inside those countries there might be different cultures inside the country.
332
So South America has really interesting cultures would be more accurate, right?
333
But you could, if you're talking about all the culture
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or the same beliefs and behaviors that all people from South America seem to generally show, then that could be possible too.
335
But it would be more accurate to say there are many different cultures in South America and those cultures are interesting.
336
Okay, that wraps up the vocabulary section of this lesson.
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Let's take a short break.
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We'll come back and look at the reading.
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Thank you.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “어휘력을 위한 독해 WORD” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: culture, interesting, experience, belong, society วิดีโอนี้มี 339 ประโยค และ 3404 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 21:20 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 160 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 86% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก จากทั้งหมด 339 ประโยค มี 58 ประโยคเป็นคำถาม จึงเหมาะสำหรับฝึกน้ำเสียงประโยคคำถามและการตอบสั้น ๆ
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| citizen คำนาม | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | พลเมือง |
| flee คำกริยา | /ˈfliː/ | หนี |
| dinosaur คำนาม | /ˈdaɪnəsoɹ/ | ไดโนเสาร์ |
| famine คำนาม | /ˈfæm.ɪn/ | ทุพภิกขภัย, ข้าวยากหมากแพง |
| evolution คำนาม | /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ | วิวัฒนาการ |
| vocabulary คำนาม | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | คำศัพท์, วงศัพท์ |
| immigration คำนาม | /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ | การเข้าเมือง, เข้าเมือง |
| monkey คำนาม | /ˈmʌŋki/ | ลิง |
| passport คำนาม | /ˈpæspɔɹt/ | หนังสือเดินทาง, พาสปอร์ต |
| verb คำนาม | /vɝb/ | คำกริยา, กริยา |
| topic คำนาม | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | หัวข้อ, กระทู้ |
| lesson คำนาม | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | บทเรียน |
| custom คำนาม | /ˈkʌstəm/ | แบบแผน, ธรรมเนียม |
| slip คำกริยา | /ˈslɪp/ | ไถล, ลื่น |
| scientist คำนาม | /ˈsaɪəntəst/ | นักวิทยาศาสตร์ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| come back คำกริยา | กลับมา |
| go back คำกริยา | กลับไป |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Are you ready to begin studying?
- Do you know this place?
- What do we call them?
- I don't feel like I, what?
- I don't feel like I what?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | you've probably experienced · has taken · has changed |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who live · people who share · culture, which is |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was populated · has been grown · can be caused |
| ความเป็นไปได้ด้วย “might / may” might/may + กริยา — สิ่งที่เป็นไปได้แต่ไม่แน่นอน | might go · might say · might be |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 74 ครั้ง เช่น don't, they're, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, sheep /ˈʃiːp/, unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒ(u)əl/, vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, irregular /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, belief /bɪˈliːf/, reproduce /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/, bull /bʊl/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, verb /vɝb/, vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: citizen /ˈsɪtɪzən/, nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/, cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง citizen, flee, dinosaur เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ